Chapter 3 ; the experience of Germans under the Nazis Flashcards
(435 cards)
1
Q
Why was it so important that Hitler got people back to work?
A
politically dangerous
burden on society
waste of recources
2
Q
What were the Nazi beliefs about unemployed people?
A
waste of resources
burden on society
3
Q
Why were large numbers of unemployment politically dangerous?
A
support for Communists
uprisings
4
Q
How many people were unemployed in 1933?
A
6 million
5
Q
How many people as a percentage were unemployed in 1933?
A
25% of workforce
6
Q
How many people were unemployed in 1934?
A
2.7 million
7
Q
How many people were unemployed in 1935?
A
2.1 million
8
Q
How many people were unemployed in 1938?
A
0.5 million
9
Q
How many people were unemployed in 1939?
A
0.3 million
10
Q
What the German Labour Front replace?
A
trade unions
11
Q
What did the German Labour Front promise to do?
A
protect workers’ rights
12
Q
What did workers have to ask the German Labour Front for?
A
permission to leave
13
Q
Why did workers have to ask the German Labour Front permission to leave?
A
strikes had been made illegal in 1933
14
Q
What were the 3 programmes by the German Labour Front?
A
Strength through Joy
Beauty of Labour
People’s car
15
Q
What was the aim of the Strength through Joy programme?
A
increase productivity through workers’ happiness
16
Q
What did the Strength through Joy offer to workers?
A
holidays
football tickets
theatre trips
17
Q
What was the aim of Beauty of Labour programme?
A
improve work conditions
18
Q
How did the Beauty of Labour improve conditions?
A
reduced noise
made canteens and sports facilities
better lighting
safety equipment
19
Q
What did the Beauty of Labour reduce?
A
noise
20
Q
What did the Beauty of Labour make?
A
canteens
sports facilities
21
Q
What did the Beauty of Labour improve?
A
lighting
safety equipment
22
Q
Who designed the People’s Car?
A
Porsche
23
Q
What did workers have to pay of they wanted a Volkswagen?
A
5 marks a week
24
Q
Who received a Volkswagen?
A
no one
25
Why did no one receive a Volkswagen?
no one had paid enough money
26
What did the money raised for the Volkswagen go towards instead?
went to rearmament
27
How did Hitler get people back to work?
rearmament
public work schemes
national labour service
invisible unemployment
28
29
How did rearmament get people back to work?
conscription
production of arms
30
When was conscription introduced?
1935
31
Who was conscription compulsory for?
men aged 18-25
32
How many men were there in the army by 1939?
1.4 million
33
What arms were produced during rearmament?
tanks
planes
battleships
guns
34
How many people were working in arms factories in 1935?
4000
35
How many people were working in arms factories in 1939?
72,000
36
How much did the government spend on arms production in 1935?
3.5 billion marks
37
How much did the government spend on arms production in 1939?
26 billion marks
38
Who was not counted in invisible unemployment?
women who gave work for family
Jews who had jobs taken
39
Who was miscounted in invisible unemployment?
part time = full time
40
How did public work schemes get people back to work?
construction
41
How many jobs did the construction of autobahns provide?
100,000 jobs
42
What was constructed in the public work schemes?
autobahns
schools
hospitals
sports facilities
bridges
coastal walls
43
How did public work schemes benefit the German economy?
improved transport infrastructure
44
When was National Labour Service made compulsory?
1935
45
Who was National Labour Service compulsory to?
men aged 18-25
46
How long did men have to serve in the National Labour Service?
6 months
47
How many men were in the National Labour Service in 1935?
422,000 men
48
Where did men in the National Labour Service live?
small camps
49
What did men in the National Labour Service do?
repair roads
mend hedges
dig drainage ditches
50
Why do some historians argue that unemployment might not have been reduced?
- imprisonment high
- preparing for a war
- public money used to pay SS, SA AND GESTAPO
- correct data???
51
What was used to pay the SS, SA and Gestapo?
public money
52
How much of the population worked in forestry and agriculture?
30 %
53
Why were the farmers so important in the Nazi era?
self sufficiency in nation
54
What were some advantages for farmers in the Nazi era?
- tax reduced
- farms would not lose land if in debt
- law ensured farm remained in family
55
What were some disadvantages for farmers in the Nazi era?
- law prevented division of farms so children would move to city instead
- nazis controlled food prices
56
Why was it right for Germany to become self sufficient?
- feared international trade could be lost
- rearmament was expensive
57
Why could international trade be lost?
- foreign policies
- war
58
Who was minister of economics between 1933 and 1937?
Schacht
59
Who was minister of economics from 1937 onwards?
Goering
60
Why was Schact sacked?
- Hitler impatient
- Germany not self sufficient
61
Who did Schacht sign deals with as minister of economics?
South America
Eastern Europe
62
Why did Schacht sign deals with South America and Eastern Europe?
German lacked natural resources
63
What natural resources did Germany lack?
steel, rubber, wood, iron
64
What did South America and East Europe get in return from the deals with Schacht?
German goods
65
Who created the Four Year Plan?
Goering
66
What did Goering create?
Four Year Plan
67
What was the Four Year Plan?
preparation for war
68
How did the Four Year Plan prepare Germany for war?
increased military production
69
What was produced during the Four Year Plan?
uniforms
equipment
weapons
70
Where were jobs created during the Four Year Plan?
factories
shipyards
textile mills
71
What were targets met in during the Four Year Plan?
explosives
steel
72
What were targets not met in during the Four Year Plan?
oil
73
Who declared self-sufficiency?
Goering
74
What did scientists make petrol from during the Four Year Plan?
coal
75
What did scientists make wool from during the Four Year Plan?
wood pulp
76
What did scientists make makeup from during the Four Year Plan?
flour
77
What did scientists make coffee from during the Four Year Plan?
acorns
78
How were people better off under the Nazis?
- unemployment fell
- car ownership tripled
- average wages rose by 20%
79
How much did car ownership increase by during the Nazi period?
tripled
80
How much did average wages rise by during the Nazi period?
20%
81
How were people worse off under the Nazis?
- dictatorship
- discrimination
- volkswagen swindle
- food prices increased
82
Why did food prices increase under the Nazis?
self-sufficiency
83
What did self-sufficiency cause?
- increased food prices
84
What was the impact of war on Germany?
- rationing
- refugees
- total War
- bombing
- labour shortages
85
How many eggs a week were Germans allowed during rationing?
1 egg per week
86
How often were Germans allowed hot water per week?
twice per week
87
What was rationed in Germany during WWI?
hot water
food
clothes
toilet paper
soap
88
Why were there so many refugees in Germany during WWI?
as a result of bombing
89
Who replaced mens' roles in labour shortages in Germany during WWI?
women
boys
slave labour
90
What did boys have to do during labour shortages in WWI?
anti-aircraft duties
91
How many foreign workers were there in Germany by 1944?
7 million
92
When did the Allies begin bombing German cities?
1942
93
What did the bombing of German cities in WWII mean for residents?
no elec, water, transport
flooding
gas explosions
homes lost
94
How much of some cities were destroyed by bombing in WWI?
90%
95
What was Albert Speer's role?
armaments minister
96
When was Albert Speer made armaments minister?
1942
97
What did Albert Speer tell the country to do during WWI?
organise for Total War
98
What is Total War?
all focus on making supplies for soldiers
99
What did the introduction of Total War mean for factories and workers?
factories stayed open for longer
100
What was closed as a result of Total war?
beer halls
dance halls
sweet shops
101
What was stopped as a result of Total war?
postal service
102
When was the Stalingrad defeat?
1943
103
From when was defeat imminent for Germany?
from 1944
104
How many died at Stalingrad?
80,000
105
How many surrendered at Stalingrad?
90,000
106
What was so difficult about fighting in the Russian winter at Stalingrad?
guns would not fire in cold
uniforms not warm enough
107
What happened after the Stalingrad defeat?
America joined Britain
108
What were Hitler's aims around the Youth?
1. support Germany
2. be proud Germans
3. be Nazi supporters
109
What were Hitler's aims around boys?
be strong and healthy for war and industry
110
Why did Hitler want German boys to be strong and healthy?
for war and industry
111
What were Hitler's aims around girls?
be strong and healthy for motherhood
112
Why did Hitler want German girls to be strong and healthy?
for motherhood
113
What did Hitler want the Youth to see him as?
a father figure
114
Which gender did Hitler prefer?
neither, both had equal importance
115
What did Hitler aim to create by controlling the Youth?
Thousand Year Reich
116
When was the Hitler Youth Organisation formed?
1926
117
When were all other youth groups banned in Germany?
1933
118
When did all sports facilities belong to Hitler Youth Organisation?
1936
119
When did membership of the Hitler Youth Organisation become compulsory?
1939
120
Who was omitted from joining the Hitler Youth Organisation?
unwanted minority groups
121
Which minority groups were not allowed to join the Hitler Youth Organisation?
Jewish
Travelling/Romani
122
What was the name for the boys group for 10-14 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?
Little Fellows
123
What was the name for the boys group for 14-18 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?
Young Germans
124
What was the name for the girls group for 10-14 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?
Young Maidens
125
What was the name for the girls group for 14-18 as a category in the Hitler Youth Organisation?
League of German Maidens
126
How many members did the Hitler Youth Organisation have by 1939?
7.2 million
127
What physical training did children in the Hitler Youth have?
- camping
- hiking
- competitions
128
What character training did children in the Hitler youth have?
- taught values
- plunged into ice water by SA
129
What values were children taught in the Hitler Youth?
loyalty
comradery
competition
ruthlesness
130
What did SA leaders do to children in the Hitler Youth as character training?
plunge them into ice water
131
How old was membership of the Hitler Youth compulsory?
10 years old
132
What military training did children in the Hitler Youth have?
- map reading
- signalling
- knife skills
- guns
133
How many boys had been trained in small armed trained by 1938?
1.2 million boys
134
What political training did children in the Hitler Youth have?
- oath of loyalty
- race theory
- encouraged reporting
- residential information trips
135
Why was Hitler's control of the Youth so important?
- easily indoctrinated
- Thousand Year Reich
- control future
- children could report
136
What did German school teachers have to join?
German teachers league
137
What happened to textbooks in schools?
rewritten to fit Nazi ideologies
138
What did many school teachers wear?
SA uniform
139
What was the uniform of students like?
uniform similar to SA
140
What were potential Nazi leaders called?
Napolas
141
What did teachers pick out?
potential Nazi leaders
142
How were students separated in schools?
by gender
143
Why were students separated by gender?
Hitler believed they had different roles to fulfill
144
What subject was given more importance during the Nazi era?
physical education
145
How much of school week was given to physical education in Nazi era?
15%
146
What subjects introduced in German schools?
Racial theory
Eugenics
147
What became compulsory for boys at school?
boxing
148
What subject had a formal examination introduced?
physical education
149
What could happen if a student's result in the physical education was unsatisfactory?
they would be expelled
150
What did students learn about in History?
ToV
Communism
How jews profited during 1920s
151
What did students learn about in German?
national identity
WWI
152
What did students learn about in Geography?
need for Lebensraum
German empire
153
How were university lecturers selected?
handpicked by Nazi officials
154
How many university lecturers had been dismissed by 1939?
3000 lecturers dismissed
155
What was not taught in universities?
Einstein's theories
156
Why was Einstein's theories not taught in German universities?
he was Jewish
157
What happened to attendance to universities during the Nazi era?
attendance dropped
158
What did all women's organisations merge into?
German Women's Enterprise
159
How many members did the German women's enterprise have?
6 million
160
When was Gertrud Scholtz-Kink given role of Reich's Women's Leader?
1934
161
Who was appointed Reich's Women's Leader?
Gertrud Scholtz-Klink
162
What was the role of Gertrud Scholtz-Klink?
Reich's Women's Leader
163
How many women had attended courses by the German Women's Enterprise by 1939?
1.7 million
164
What did 1.7 million women attend courses on by 1939?
childcare
cooking
sewing
165
What courses did the German Women's Enterprise provide?
childcare
cooking
sewing
166
What did the Nazis believe women should focus on?
the three Ks
167
What are the three Ks?
Kinder
Kuche
Kirche
168
What does kinder mean?
children
169
What does kuche mean?
cooking
170
What does Kirche mean?
church
171
What were schoolgirls trained in?
housework
how to be a mother
172
When were grammar schools for girls banned?
1937
173
How many women were in higher education in 1932?
17,000
174
How many women were in higher education in 1939?
6000
175
When were women banned from being teachers, doctors and civil servants?
1933
176
What were women banned from being in 1933?
teachers
doctors
civil sevants
177
How many women had given up work by 1934?
360,000
178
When were women banned from jury service?
1936
179
Why were women banned from jury service in 1936?
too emotional
180
Why did women return to work in 1937?
industry expanded
war looming
181
Why did Hitler put importance on childbirth?
birth rate had fallen
182
Why was a high birth rate important in the Nazi era?
more births = more workers
183
What was the birth rate in Germany in 1900?
2 million
184
What was the birth rate in Germany in 1933?
1 million
185
What was the birth rate in Germany in 1939?
1.4 million
186
What was offered to couples in the Law of Encouragement of Marriage?
1000 marks loan
187
How did the Law of Encouragement of marriage also encourage childbirth?
1000 marks loan was only available if wife stopped work and had children
188
How much of loan was written off per child in the Encouragement of marriage?
1/4 of loan written off
189
How much was 1000 marks worth?
8 months of wages
190
How did the Mother's Cross encourage childbirth?
awarded medals to mothers
191
What was the scheme that awarded mothers with medals?
Mother's Cross
192
How many children were needed for a Bronze medal?
4-5 children
193
Which medal was awarded for 4-5 children?
Bronze
194
How many children were needed for a Silver medal?
6-7 chidren
195
How many children were needed for a Gold medal?
8 children
196
Which medal was awarded for 6-7 children?
Silver
197
Which medal was awarded for 8 children?
Gold
198
When was Lenbensborn introduced?
1935
199
What was Lebensborn?
single women impregnated by SS leaders
200
How many children were born as a result of Lebensborn?
8000
201
When were the Divorce Laws introduced?
1938
202
What were the Divorce Laws?
husband could divorce wife is she was :
- infertile
- refusal
- had an abortion
203
Who did Hitler Youth children have to salute?
mothers with gold medal from Mother's cross
204
Who did the tenth child of a family have to have as their godfather?
Hitler
205
What would the tenth child be called if a boy?
Adolf
206
Were there any legislation towards the appearance of women?
no
207
What controlled the appearance of women?
nazi propaganda
208
What was encouraged in women's appearance?
modesty
hair in buns or plaits
209
What was discouraged in women's appearance?
no dyeing hair
no makeup
no trousers
no high heels
210
What were some successes for the Nazis around women?
- birth rate increased
- unemployment in men fell
- less women attended uni
211
What were some failures for Nazis around women?
- not all supported
- found degrading
- did not like Scholtz-Klink
212
What areas were women's lives changed in Nazi Germany?
appearance
family + marriage
employment
213
Why did Hitler feel threatened by Catholics?
listened to Pope rather than him
214
How many Catholics were there in Germany?
20 million
215
How much of the population was Catholic in Germany?
1/3
216
What was the Concordat?
agreement between Hitler and the Pope
217
When was the Concordat agreed?
July 1933
218
What did the Concordat between Hitler and the Pope agree?
that Catholics could practice and Pope would not interfere in Germany
219
How did Hitler break the concordat with the Pope?
- catholic schools and youth groups closed
- priests arrested and harassed
220
When did the Pope make his statement 'with Burning anxiety'?
1937
221
What did the Pope say in his statement 'with Burning anxiety'?
the Nazis were hostile to Christ and his church
222
When was Archbishop Galen put on house arrest?
1937
223
Who was Archbishop Galen?
head of Catholic church in Germany
224
What are the similarities between Christianity and Nazism?
- marriage, family values
- anti-Communist
225
When was the Confessional Church formed?
1934
226
Who formed the Confessional Church?
Pastor Niemoller
227
Why was the Confessional Church banned?
openly criticized Nazis
228
When was Pastor Niemoller sent after the Confessional Church was banned?
a concentration camp
229
How many pastors of the Confessional Church were arrested?
800 pastors
230
Who founded the church of German Christians?
Ludwig Muller
231
What did Ludwig Muller become?
1st Reich Bishop
232
What did German Christians wear?
Nazi uniforms
233
Who did the German Christians want to control their church?
Nazis
234
What was the saying of the German Chrisitians?
'swastika on our chest and the cross in our hearts'
235
How were Jehovah's Witnesses persecuted by the Nazis?
1/3 killed in concentration camps
236
Why were Jehovah's Witnesses persecuted by the Nazis?
they were pacifists so refused to serve in army
237
What does resistance mean?
refusing to support something
speaking out
238
What does opposition mean?
actively working against something to remove it
239
Give examples of Jewish resistance
Warsaw Ghetto uprising
Treblinka camp rebellion
240
How many soldiers were killed during the Treblinka camp rebellion?
15 guards killed
241
How many Jews escaped during the Treblinka camp rebellion?
150 prisoners escaped
242
When was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising?
1934
243
How long did the Warsaw Ghetto uprising last?
43 days
244
Give examples of youth groups that worked against the Nazis
Edelweiss Pirates
White Rose Group
Swing Youth Group
245
What class were the members of the Edelweiss Pirates?
working class
246
What did the Edelweiss Pirates do as resistance against the Nazis?
- changed words of Hitler Youth songs to mock Germany
- attacked Hitler Youth members
247
What did the Edelweiss Pirates of Cologne do?
killed Gestapo chief
248
What happened to the Edelweiss Pirates of Cologne?
hung in public execution
249
How many of the Edelweiss Pirates of Cologne were killed?
12 Edelweiss Pirates
250
What class were the members of the Swing Youth Group?
middle class
251
What did the Swing Youth group do as resistance to the Nazis?
- drank alcohol
- listened to Jazz
- wore English style clothes
252
What was the greeting used by the Swing Youth Group?
Heil Benny
253
What happened to a member of the Swing Youth Group?
sent to concentration camp and thrashed with iron bar
254
Who made up the White Rose Group?
Sophie and Hans Scholl
Munich University students
255
Who were the siblings who created the White Rose Group?
Sophie and Hans Scholl
256
Why did the White Rose Group oppose the Nazis?
against murder of Poles and Jews
257
What did the White Rose Group do in resistance against the Nazis?
distributed anti-nazi leaflets
258
What happened to the leading members of the White Rose Group?
decapitated
259
Who were some of the leading members of the White Rose Group?
Hans Scholl
Sophie Scholl
Christoph Probst
260
Which concentration camp was Pastor Niemoller sent to?
Dachau
261
What did von Galen campaign against?
euthanasia programme
262
What happened to the priests who distributed Galen's leaflets against euthanasia?
executed
263
How many priests that handed out Galen's leaflets were executed?
3 executed
264
Why did the Nazis not kill Galen?
that would have made him a martyr
265
How many assassination attempts were there on Hitler?
50 attempts
266
Which groups attempted Hitler's assassination?
Beck-Goerdler
Kreisau circle
267
Who led the Beck-Goerdler group?
Ludwig Beck
Goerdler
268
Who was Ludwig Beck?
former army officer
269
Who was Goerdler?
naval officer
270
When did the Beck-Goerdler group attempt assassinations on Hitler?
September 1943
July 1944
271
Why did the Kreisau Circle want to assassinate Hitler?
shocked by plan of war and Nazi brutality
272
Did the Kreisau Circle ever attempt to kill Hitler?
no only discussed it
273
Who made up the Kreisau Circle?
army officers
aristocrats
university professers
274
How did the German people do passive resistance?
- publicly disobeyed
- refused Heil Hitler salute
- refused donations for HY
275
What does HY stand for?
Hitler Youth
276
How many other nazis did the July Bomb plot kill?
4 other nazis
277
Who did the Beck-Goerdler group contact prior to the July Bomb Plot?
the British
278
Why did the Beck-Goerdler contact the British?
removal of Hitler
279
Who carried out the July Bomb Plot?
Beck-Goerdler group
280
When was the July Bomb Plot?
July 1944
281
What was the closest assassination to Hitler?
July Bomb plot
282
Who detonated the bomb in the July bomb plot?
army officer von Stauffen
283
What was the affect of the July Bomb plot on Hitler?
- burst eardrums
- blew clothes off
- burnt hair
284
What des volksgmeinschaft mean?
national community
285
Who was welcomed into the volksgmeinschaft?
- Aryan
- socially useful
- mentally and physically healthy
286
What were welcomed members of the volksgmeinschaft encouraged to?
encouraged to have lots of racially pure children
287
Who was seen as a threat to the volksgmeinschaft?
untermenschen
288
Who were the untermenschen?
Eastern europeans
Black people
Jews
gypsies
homosexuals
alcoholics
prostitues
289
What did Hitler want to achieve through the volksgmeinschaft?
racially and culturally superior Germany
290
How were Eastern Europeans persecuted in Germany?
constantly reminded they did not fit Aryan race
291
When were black people and gypsies arrested and sent to concentration camps?
1933
292
When were black people and gypsies banned from travelling and told they must be registered?
1938
293
When were black people and gypsies told they were going to be deported?
1939
294
What was the persecution law of 1938?
decree for the struggles against the Gypsy plague
295
How was persecution controlled in Germany?
through legislation
296
When was the decree for the struggles against the gypsy plague issued?
1938
297
What was the aim of the decree for the struggles against the gypsy plage?
register all Gypsies to ensure racial separation
298
What was the persecution law of July 1933?
sterilisation law
299
When was the sterilisation law issued?
july 1933
300
What did the sterilisation allow?
allowed sterilisation of people with chronic alcoholism and simple mindlesness
301
When were tramps and beggars rounded up?
september 1933
302
How many people were sterilised between 1934 and 1945?
350,000 sterilised
303
What was the persecution law of 1939?
euthanasia programme
304
When were youth concentration camps set up?
1937
305
How many people were sent to Buchenwald in 1938?
11,000 beggars, tramps, gypsies
306
How did propaganda add to persecution in Germany?
stirred up resentment of burdens on germany
307
What was the euthanasia programme?
secret extermination of mentally ill
308
How many handicapped children were murdered through the euthanasia programme?
6,000 handicapped children
309
How were the 6000 handicapped children killed in the euthanasia programme?
gas chamber
lethal injection
310
How many people in total were killed in the euthanasia programme?
72,000 people
311
What caused Hitler to stop the euthanasia programme?
public protests
312
When did Hitler stop the euthanasia programme?
1941
313
When was the method of killing by gas devised?
during euthanasia programme
314
What was built in asylums during the euthanasia programme?
gas chambers
315
What did German officials calculate during the euthanasia programme?
- savings on food on money
- better use of hospitals
316
What was the SD?
SECURITY FORCE
317
What was the SS?
protection squad
318
What was the Gestapo?
secret police
319
When was the SS set up?
1925
320
Who led the SS?
Himmler
321
How many men were there in the SS?
240,000
322
What did the SS wear?
blackshirts
323
Who ran the concentration camps?
Death's head unit
324
Which part of the SS ran the concentration camps?
Death's head unit
325
When was the SD set up?
1931
326
Who set up the SD?
Himmler
327
Who led the SD?
Heydrich
328
What could the SD do?
seize property
329
What did the SD do?
spied home and abroad
-> spied on Nazis
330
Who led the Gestapo?
Heydrich
331
When was the gestapo set up?
1933
332
Who set up the gestapo?
Goering
333
What did the gestapo wear?
plain clothes
334
How did the gestapo get information?
networks of informers and wardens
335
What did the gestapo do?
tapped phones
opened post
used torture
336
What could the gestapo do?
imprison anyone without trial
send people to camps
337
Who led the SA?
Rohm
338
Who set up the SA?
Hitler
339
When was the SA set up?
1921
340
What did the SA wear?
brownshirts
341
Where were concentration camps located?
isolation
342
What did the courts have to do during the Nazi era?
favour Nazis
343
What did judges have to join?
National Socialist League for Maintenance of the Law
344
What was abolished in courts in the Nazi era?
jury trial abolished
345
What was set up in courts in the Nazi era?
people's courts for treason
346
How were judges for people's courts for treason picked?
handpicked by Nazis
347
How were trials in people's courts for treason held?
in secret
348
When was Goebbels made Minister of People's Enlightenment and Propaganda?
1933
349
What did Goebbels become in 1933?
Minister of People's Enlightenment and Propaganda
350
Who controlled all newspapers in Germany?
Goebbels
351
Who was banned from working as editors and journalists?
Jews
352
How many daily newspapers were there in 1944?
only 1000
353
Give an example of a Nazi film that promoted ideologies
Eternal Jew
354
What was removed from all external films in the Nazi era?
anti-Nazi messages
355
What played before films in the Nazi era?
short film on Germany's greatness
356
What did Goebbels do to promote radio in Germany?
made radios cheap
357
How many Germans had a radio by 1939?
70%
358
How many loudspeakers were placed in streets and bars for those without a radio?
6000 loudspeakers
359
How often did Hitler speak on radio?
daily
360
What did the rallies demonstrate?
order created from chaos
361
How often was there a rally in Nuremburg?
every summer for a week
362
Which was the bestselling book in Germany?
Mein Kampf
363
What did Mein Kampf detail?
aryan superiority
jewish undermind aryan rule
jews planned to weaken through intermarriage
364
When did book burnings take place?
1933
365
What books were burnt during the book burnings?
anything unacceptable by Nazi ideologies
366
What did writers need to publish their book?
Goebbels permission
367
What music was banned?
jazz
368
What music was approved?
folk
classical
369
What did musicians have to be apart of?
Reich Chamber of Culture
370
What was different about German olympic team?
full time athletes
371
How many Jews were included in the Olympic team?
1 jew
372
Why was 1 jew included in the Olympic team?
prevent countries boycotting
373
How many people could the stadium seat?
100,000 people
374
Who owned the majority of film studios in germany?
Hugenburg, nazi supporter
375
How did Hugenburg's ownership of film studios benefit the Nazis?
could influence films made
376
What did films have to feature?
pro-Nazi message
377
Who had to read and approve scripts of films?
Goebbels
378
Which design movement did Hitler close in 1933?
Bauhaus
379
When did Hitler close Bauhaus movement?
1933
380
What buildings did Hitler prefer?
large, stone buildings
381
Why did Hitler prefer large stone buildings?
Ancient Greece and Rome
382
What type of art did Hitler hate?
modern art
383
When were disapproved paintings burnt?
1936
384
How many paintings were publicly burnt in 1936?
5000 paintings
385
What type of exhibition did the Nazis open?
disapproved art
THEN
approved art
386
Which book was banned?
All Quiet on the Western Front
387
How many writers left Germany between 1933 and 1945?
2500 writers
388
What was shut down in Germany?
cabaret clubs
389
What did the Nazis believe plays should focus on?
politics and germany history
390
Where did Germany come in Olympic medal table?
top
391
When was the Berlin Olympic Games?
1936
392
What was created at the Berlin Olympic Games?
olympic torch relay
393
Which film maker documented Olympics?
Riefenstahl
394
What type of film did Riefenstahl create?
groundbreaking with newest technology
395
Give examples of classical musicians
Beethoven
Bach
Wagner
Motzart
396
When were Jewish lawyers banned from working in Berlin?
March 1933
397
When were Jewish judges suspended from office?
March 1933
398
When were Jewish teachers banned from state schools?
April 1933
399
When were Jewish civil servants dismissed?
April 1933
400
When were Aryan and non Aryan children banned from playing with each other?
April 1933
401
When was race studies introduced in schools?
September 1933
402
When were Jewish writers banned from working?
March 1935
403
When were Jewish musicians banned from state orchestras?
March 1935
404
When were 'For Jew' benches created?
April 1935
405
When were the Nuremburg Laws created?
September 1935
406
What was taken away from Jews through the Nuremburg Laws?
German citizenship
407
What was banned in the Nuremburg Laws?
marriage between Jew and non-Jew
408
Why was Hitler anti-semistic?
Jews in Vienna were well paid and well educated
- Hitler was jealous
409
What did Hitler blame the Jewish community for?
defeat in WWI
Great Depression
410
When did Jews have to declare finances?
April 1938
411
When were the assets of Jews taken?
April 1938
412
When were Jewish street names change?
July 1938
413
When were Jewish passports stamped with J?
October 1938
414
When were Jews banned from public places?
November 1938
415
Where were Jews banned from in November 1938?
cinemas, theatres, operas, concerts, schools
416
When was Kristalchnacht?
9th November 1938
417
What caused Kristalnacht?
Jew killed German diplomat in Paris
Goebbels wanted to please Hitler
418
Why did Goebbels have to please Hitler with Kristalnacht?
he had an affair with a Czechoslovakian actress
419
Who deduced Kristalnacht?
Goebbels
420
How many jews were arrested on Kristalnacht?
20,000 Jews
421
How many jews were killed on Kristalnacht?
91 Jews
422
How many synagogues were burned?
267 synagogues
423
How many Jewish shops had broken windows?
100,000 shops
424
What was the Jewish community forced to do after Kristalnacht?
pay reparations
clean up
425
When were Jews made to collect ruins of synanogogues?
March 1939
426
When could Jews be evicted without reason?
April 1939
427
When were curfews for Jews introduced?
September 1939
428
When were ghettos created?
1939
429
How much of Warsaw population lived in the ghetto?
40%
430
How big was the Warsaw ghetto?
1% of Warsaw
431
When was the final solution decided?
1942
432
What was the Final Solution?
genocide of every Jew in German territory
433
When was the Final Solution decided?
Wannsee Conference
434
How long was the Wannsee Conference?
12 minutes
435
How many Jews were killed during the Holocaust?
6 million
