Chapter 2 Key Concepts Flashcards by Erika S

parietal lobe

part of brain that processes bodily information

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neurons are composed of ____, ___, ___, ___, and ___ ___

nucleus, cell body, axon, dendrites and myelin sheath

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reversed prompt

type of monoamine in charge of motor behavior, motivation and emotional arousal; Parkinson’s disease, drug addiction, schizophrenia

dopamine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sympathetic nervous system

brainch of the ANS that produces rapid physical arousal in response to perceived emergencies or threats

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a neuron’s resting potential?

-70 mV because of high [K+] inside neuron membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reversed prompt

part of brain that connects spinal cord with rest of brain; sensory and motor pathways pass through here

hindbrain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

autonomic nervous system

subdivision of the PNS that regulates involuntary functions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

neuromodulators

diminish or increase effects of neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reversed prompt

damage to Wernicke’s area and causes word salad

Wernicke’s aphasia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

somatic nervous system

subdivision of the PNS that communicates sensory information to the CNS and carries motor messages fromt he CNS to the muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reversed prompt

part of brain that is in charge of planning, initiating, and executing voluntary movements; impulse control

frontal lobe

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wernicke’s area

part of the brain in charge of word recognition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reversed prompt

type of neuron that signals muscles to relax or contract

motor neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glutamate

neurotransmitter that communicates excitation messages by creating active potential

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hindbrain

part of brain that connects spinal cord with rest of brain; sensory and motor pathways pass through here

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nodes of Ranvier

gaps between myelin sheaths

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Broca’s aphasia

damage to Broca’s area and causes telegram; only nouns

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reversed prompt

type of monoamine in charge of sleep, wakefulness, and aggression; depression

seratonin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reversed prompt

part of the brain that regulates glads and basic needs: feeding, fleeing, fighting, and fornication

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

thalamus

part of the brain in charge of sensory relay; sends sensory information to the cortex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

synaptic gap

tiny, fluid-filled space between presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Neurotransmitter that communicates inhibitory messages; makes it more difficult to achieve action potential

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dopamine

type of monoamine in charge of motor behavior, motivation and emotional arousal; Parkinson’s disease, drug addiction, schizophrenia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cortical localization

the notion that different functions are located or localized in different areas of the brain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

# Reversed prompt part of brain that processes visual information

occipital lobe

# Reversed prompt combination of amino acids with longer lasting effects on the body

neuropeptides

olfactory bulb

part of brain in charge of sense of smell

# Reversed prompt brainch of the ANS that produces rapid physical arousal in response to perceived emergencies or threats

sympathetic nervous system

4 Factors to study the nervous system

invasiveness, spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and cost

frontal lobe

part of brain that is in charge of planning, initiating, and executing voluntary movements; impulse control

# Reversed prompt part of brain in charge of hearing and speech production & comprehension; near temples

temporal lobe

aphasia

the partial or complete inability to articulate ideas or uderstand spoken or written language because of brain injury or damage

What is a neuron's action potential?

+30 mV because of high [Na+] inside neuron membrane

hormones

chemicals released by organs in the body into the bloodstream; estrogen, testosterone, insulin

# Reversed prompt type of monoamine in charge of arousal and energy; i.e. adrenaline

epinephrine

# Reversed prompt diminish or increase effects of neurotransmitters

neuromodulators

# Reversed prompt method used by Hubel and Wiesel; found that series of neurons respond to specific stimuli

single neuron recording

# Reversed prompt the notion that different functions are located or localized in different areas of the brain

cortical localization

# Reversed prompt part of brain that process visual and auditory information

midbrain

# Reversed prompt point of communication between two neurons

synapse

# Reversed prompt type of monoamine in charge of mood and arousal; regulate sleep, learning, and memory; depression

norepinephrine

synapse

point of communication between two neurons

# Reversed prompt subdivision of the PNS that communicates sensory information to the CNS and carries motor messages fromt he CNS to the muscles

somatic nervous system

cortical tonotopy

part of the brainin charge of hearing certain frequencies

split brain operation

surgical procedure that cuts the corpus callosum

# Reversed prompt tiny, fluid-filled space between presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron

synaptic gap

electrophalograph (EEG)

shows brain activity as wave patterns

functional plasticity

the brain's ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain areas

# Reversed prompt part of the brain in charge of sensory relay; sends sensory information to the cortex

thalamus

epinephrine

type of monoamine in charge of arousal and energy; i.e. adrenaline

temporal resolution

how close in time you can get to when the neurons fire

How to cross the synaptic gap (electrically)?

syanptic gap is narrow; special ion channels serve as a bridge

medulla

part of brain in charge of vital involuntary functions (e.g. heart beating)

# Reversed prompt part of brain in charge of sense of smell

olfactory bulb

# Reversed prompt The law that either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur

all-or-none principle

interneurons

type of neuron that communicates information from one neuron to another

norepinephrine

type of monoamine in charge of mood and arousal; regulate sleep, learning, and memory; depression

hippocampus

part of the brain in charge of long-term memory formation

Three types of neuromodulators

monoamines, peptides, and hormones

# Reversed prompt division of the nervous system that includes all the nerves lying outside the central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

neurogenesis

the developmental of new neurons

# Reversed prompt damage to Broca's area and causes telegram; only nouns

Broca's aphasia

# Reversed prompt type of neuron that communicates information from one neuron to another

interneurons

peripheral nervous system

division of the nervous system that includes all the nerves lying outside the central nervous system

Left brain is responsible for...

Broca's and Wierneke's area of language, math, and logical reasoning

sensory neurons

type of neuron that conveys information to brain from receptor cells in sense and internal organs

myelin sheath

composed of Schwann fatty cells (i.e. glial cells) and speeds up information messages. white

all-or-none principle

The law that either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur

temporal lobe

part of brain in charge of hearing and speech production & comprehension; near temples

# Reversed prompt the partial or complete inability to articulate ideas or uderstand spoken or written language because of brain injury or damage

aphasia

# Reversed prompt part of the brain in charge of long-term memory formation

hippocampus

# Reversed prompt type of neuron that conveys information to brain from receptor cells in sense and internal organs

sensory neurons

How to cross the synaptic gap (chemically)?

through synaptic transmission; 1. Action potential of presynaptic neuron reaches axon terminals --\> synaptic vesicles --\> neurotransmitters 2. Neurotransmitters released into the synaptic gap and attach to receptor sites 3. Reuptake; reabsorb neurotransmitters floating in gap

# Reversed prompt surgical procedure that cuts the corpus callosum

split brain operation

# Reversed prompt how close in physical proximity you can get to the targe brain area

spatial resolution

# Reversed prompt parth of brain that mental processes and complex behavior

forebrain

# Reversed prompt part of brain in charge of vital involuntary functions (e.g. heart beating)

medulla

neuropeptides

combination of amino acids with longer lasting effects on the body

# Reversed prompt shows brain activity as wave patterns

electrophalograph (EEG)

# Reversed prompt gaps between myelin sheaths

nodes of Ranvier

# Reversed prompt part of the brain in charge of speech production

Broca's area

# Reversed prompt part of the brainin charge of hearing certain frequencies

cortical tonotopy

Right brain is responsible for...

globalistic evaluations (e.g. art, insight, imagination)

# Reversed prompt minimum level to stimulate a neuron

stimulus threshold

minimum level to stimulate a neuron

# Reversed prompt Neurotransmitter that communicates inhibitory messages; makes it more difficult to achieve action potential

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

motor neurons

type of neuron that signals muscles to relax or contract

projection neurons

in charge of sensory and motor; excites postsynaptic neurons

# Reversed prompt thick band of axons that connects 2 cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them

corpus callosum

thick band of axons that connects 2 cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them

pons

part of the brain in charge of sleep, arousal, and attention; uppermost level of hindbrain

# Reversed prompt in charge of sensory and motor; excites postsynaptic neurons

projection neurons

seratonin

type of monoamine in charge of sleep, wakefulness, and aggression; depression

# Reversed prompt part of the brain in charge of sleep, arousal, and attention; uppermost level of hindbrain

pons

Four regions of forebrain

temporal, occipital, parietal, and frontal lobes

# Reversed prompt part of brain that processes bodily information

pariteal lobe

midbrain

part of brain that process visual and auditory information

# Reversed prompt the developmental of new neurons

neurogenesis

amygdala

part of the brain in charge of fear and anger-based emotions; has higher stimulus threshold

spatial resolution

how close in physical proximity you can get to the targe brain area

single neuron recording

method used by Hubel and Wiesel; found that series of neurons respond to specific stimuli

lateralization of function

the notion that specific psychological or cognitive functions are processed primarily on one side of the brain

# Reversed prompt the brain's ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain areas

functional plasticity

Wernicke's aphasia

damage to Wernicke's area and causes word salad

# Reversed prompt the notion that specific psychological or cognitive functions are processed primarily on one side of the brain

lateralization of function

forebrain

parth of brain that mental processes and complex behavior

# Reversed prompt how close in time you can get to when the neurons fire

temporal resolution

Explain van Helmholtz's frog heart experiment.

Found out that there was a transfer of chemicals; communication is through electrochemical means

# Reversed prompt part of the brain in charge of fear and anger-based emotions; has higher stimulus threshold

amygdala

# Reversed prompt part of the brain in charge of word recognition

Wernicke's area

# Reversed prompt composed of Schwann fatty cells (i.e. glial cells) and speeds up information messages. white

myelin sheath

# Reversed prompt neurotransmitter that communicates excitation messages by creating active potential

Glutamate

Broca's area

part of the brain in charge of speech production

cerebellum

part of the brain in charge of balance and coordinated movements

# Reversed prompt complex system where any neurons receive information from other presynaptic signals

neural circuits

occipital lobe

part of brain that processes visual information

# Reversed prompt part of the brain in charge of balance and coordinated movements

cerebellum

# Reversed prompt chemicals released by organs in the body into the bloodstream; estrogen, testosterone, insulin

hormones

# Reversed prompt subdivision of the PNS that regulates involuntary functions

autonomic nervous system

hypothalamus

part of the brain that regulates glads and basic needs: feeding, fleeing, fighting, and fornication

neural circuits

complex system where any neurons receive information from other presynaptic signals

Chapter 2 Key Concepts Flashcards

(121 cards)