Chapter 2 Key Issues

Question 1

overpopulation

Answer 1

of people exceeds the carrying capacity of environment

Question 2

demography

Answer 2

scientific study of population characteristics

Question 3

population distribution across earth

Answer 3

asia and europe

Question 4

humans avoid clustering in…

Answer 4

too dry, too wet, too hot, too cold, etc.

Question 5

population cartograms

Answer 5

sizes of countries according to population

Question 6

ecumene

Answer 6

portion of earth occupied by human settlement

Question 7

density

Answer 7

frequency of something existing in an area

Question 8

arable land

Answer 8

land suited for agriculture

Question 9

arithmetic density
(# of objects in area)

Answer 9

total people / total land

Question 10

physiological density
(# of people per arable land)

Answer 10

total people / arable land

Question 11

agricultural density
(# of farmers per arable land)

Answer 11

total farmers / arable land

Question 12

NIR
(population growth in a year)

Answer 12

natural increase rate

Question 13

doubling time

Answer 13

years needed to double population

Question 14

CBR
(# of live births/year for every 100 people alive)

Answer 14

crude birth rate

Question 15

TFR
(# of births in society)

Answer 15

total fertility rate

Question 16

IMR
(# of infant deaths under age 1 compared w/ total live births)

Answer 16

infant mortality rate

Question 17

high IMR
(Africa)

Answer 17

bad healthcare

Question 18

CDR
(# of deaths in year/ 1000 people in society)

Answer 18

crude death rate

Question 19

demographic transition

Answer 19

change in society’s population

Question 20

low growth

Answer 20

-high CBR
-high CDR
-low NIR

Question 21

healthcare in developed

Answer 21

little or no cost

Question 22

healthcare in developing

Answer 22

pay more than half the cost

Question 23

maternal mortality rate

Answer 23

annual # of female deaths/ 100,000 live births

Question 24

sex ratio

Answer 24

of males/ 100 females in population

Question 25

missing females

Answer 25

babies missing from abortion or being killed in infancy

Question 26

life expectancy

Answer 26

average # of years individual is expected to live

Question 27

elderly support ratio

Answer 27

of working age people/ # of elderly

Question 28

"graying" of population

Answer 28

elderly increase- more people need to work to support

Question 29

population pyramid

Answer 29

bar graph that displays % of a place's population for each age and gender

Question 30

dependency ratio

Answer 30

of too young or too old to work

Question 31

epidemiology

Answer 31

branch of medical science concerned w/ incidence, distribution, control

Question 32

epidemiologic transition

Answer 32

focuses on diffinctive health threats in each stage of demographic transition

Question 33

epidemic

Answer 33

widespread occurrence of disease in community at particular time

Question 34

stage 1

Answer 34

perstilence and famine

Question 35

pandemic

Answer 35

epidemic occurring over widespread

Question 36

stage 2

Answer 36

receeding pandemics

Question 37

stage 3

Answer 37

degenerative diseases

Question 38

stage 4

Answer 38

diagnosed degenerative and lifestyle diseases

Question 39

demographic transition stage 5

Answer 39

-low CBR -increasing CDR -declining NIR

Question 40

policy in China

Answer 40

one child policy

Question 41

policy in India

Answer 41

national family planning program

Question 42

antinatalist policies

Answer 42

policy supporting low birth rate

Question 43

distributing contraceptives

Answer 43

more cheaply and quickly

Question 44

evolution in stage 5

Answer 44

antibiotics and genetic engineering contribute to emergence of new viruses

Question 45

poverty in stage 5

Answer 45

diseases often in poor areas due to unsanitary conditions and treatment too expensive

Question 46

increased connections in stage 5

Answer 46

people travel, they carry diseases with them and exposed to other diseases

Question 47

Thomas Malthus (an essay on the principle of population)

Answer 47

one of first to argue world's population increase was outrunning development of food supplies

Question 48

neo-malthusians

Answer 48

frightening future where billions of people are in desperate competition of food, water, and energy

Question 49

critics of malthus

Answer 49

worldwide, carrying capacity in terms of food production has increased rapidly than Malthus expected