Chapter 2 Key Terms Flashcards
(26 cards)
Carbs become
Tryglycerides become
Protein becomes
Carbs become glucose
Triglycerides become fatty acids
Proteins become amino acids
Mono saturated fat
Fatty acid one double or triple bond between carbons
Tryglycerides
Fatty acids bound with one glycerol - storage form of fat
Dif between read and sugar though both end up as glucose but
1 wheat bread digested absorbed slowly higher fiber- less glucose appears in blood per unit time- less insulin released les likely fat stored
2 if fat appears in meal fiber I wheat bread bind some fat while intestines carrying out of body
3 vit mineral in wheat bread assist enzymatic processes digestion absorption tansport oxidation( increase positive charges on an atom loss negative charges )
GI TRACT
Tube through body complied of stomach and intestines- absorbs 97% food you eat
25 feet in length
Calories
Energy extracted from macronutrients I this specific unit
Amount of energy required to raise temp of 1kg water 1 degree Celsius
=4184 Jules
What happens when adenosine diphosphate and phosphate join
We get ATP
Digestion process mouth
1 mouth ( mastication )
- food becomes bolus
- bile secreted In stomach
Enterocyte
Intestinal cell absorbs nutrients
Villi
Intestinal wall tremendous surface area from foods and pits finger like projections
Line small intestine fluid nutrients absorbed
Bile
Produced by liver stored in gallbladder - secreted to small intestine to alkaline emulsify food
Surface area of intestine equivalent to?
A tennis court !!!
Digestion
1 mouth -mastication bolus, bile secreted, salivary glands digestive enzyme amylase and lipase (amylase digest starch, lipase essential digestion of fat)
2 through pharynx , epiglottis closes (no food trachea )
3 esophagus - lower esophageal sphincter rev food entry to stomach
4 stomach first major digestion stage : chyme broken down bolus
5 pyloric sphincter - end of Antrum or loswer stomach bring chyme to small intestine
6 small and large intestine
Stomach three parts
The fundus first part
The body central part
The Antrum lower part
Pyloric sphincter
Thick muscular ring surround opening bewteen stomach and duodenum
How many layers stomach wall have
4 secreted gastroc juice -
L1Gastric mucosa main acid is hydrochloric acid
L2 sub mucosa joins L1 to next layer
L3 muscular is external
L4 serosa
Small intestine
3 parts
Duodenum
Jejunum- most nutrient absorption
Ileum absorbs b12 bile salts
End of ileum Is illeocecal valve. Locks entry large investing
Deudenom
Pancreas juices secreted into it.
Bicarbonate organic salt nutrilize acids
Proteolytic enzymes
neutralize acid chyme further breakdown food into component parts
Gallbladder
Organ that Releases bile to assist in emulsification of fat ( in intestine ) stores bile released from liver
Enteroheppatic circulation
Blood circulation between intestine and liver how bile saint recycling occurs
Bile salts recycled and reabsorbed
- soluble dietary fiber bind to salts for elimination
Cholesterol required for bike synthesis so fiber lower cholesterol
Prebiotic
Not digested rather fermented by micro flora stimulates healthy bacteria
Probiotics
Live microorganisms restore beneficial bacteria in gintrady
The liver
Hepatic portal system veins carry blood from capillaries of stomach intestine and pancreas and spleen- liver secreted one pint bile per day
Pancreas
Made of 98% exocrine acinar cells secrete pancreatic juice neutralize stomac acid
Secreted glucoregulatory hormones - balance blood glucose levels glucagon or insulin
