Chapter 2 Key Terms

Question 0

Carbs become
Tryglycerides become
Protein becomes

Answer 0

Carbs become glucose
Triglycerides become fatty acids
Proteins become amino acids

Question 1

Mono saturated fat

Answer 1

Fatty acid one double or triple bond between carbons

Question 2

Tryglycerides

Answer 2

Fatty acids bound with one glycerol - storage form of fat

Question 3

Dif between read and sugar though both end up as glucose but

Answer 3

1 wheat bread digested absorbed slowly higher fiber- less glucose appears in blood per unit time- less insulin released les likely fat stored
2 if fat appears in meal fiber I wheat bread bind some fat while intestines carrying out of body
3 vit mineral in wheat bread assist enzymatic processes digestion absorption tansport oxidation( increase positive charges on an atom loss negative charges )

Question 4

GI TRACT

Answer 4

Tube through body complied of stomach and intestines- absorbs 97% food you eat

25 feet in length

Question 5

Calories

Answer 5

Energy extracted from macronutrients I this specific unit

Amount of energy required to raise temp of 1kg water 1 degree Celsius

=4184 Jules

Question 6

What happens when adenosine diphosphate and phosphate join

Answer 6

We get ATP

Question 7

Digestion process mouth

Answer 7

1 mouth ( mastication )

• food becomes bolus
• bile secreted In stomach

Question 8

Enterocyte

Answer 8

Intestinal cell absorbs nutrients

Question 9

Villi

Answer 9

Intestinal wall tremendous surface area from foods and pits finger like projections

Line small intestine fluid nutrients absorbed

Question 10

Bile

Answer 10

Produced by liver stored in gallbladder - secreted to small intestine to alkaline emulsify food

Question 11

Surface area of intestine equivalent to?

Answer 11

A tennis court !!!

Question 12

Digestion

Answer 12

1 mouth -mastication bolus, bile secreted, salivary glands digestive enzyme amylase and lipase (amylase digest starch, lipase essential digestion of fat)
2 through pharynx , epiglottis closes (no food trachea )
3 esophagus - lower esophageal sphincter rev food entry to stomach
4 stomach first major digestion stage : chyme broken down bolus
5 pyloric sphincter - end of Antrum or loswer stomach bring chyme to small intestine
6 small and large intestine

Question 13

Stomach three parts

Answer 13

The fundus first part
The body central part
The Antrum lower part

Question 14

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 14

Thick muscular ring surround opening bewteen stomach and duodenum

Question 15

How many layers stomach wall have

Answer 15

4 secreted gastroc juice -

L1Gastric mucosa main acid is hydrochloric acid
L2 sub mucosa joins L1 to next layer
L3 muscular is external
L4 serosa

Question 16

Small intestine

Answer 16

3 parts

Duodenum
Jejunum- most nutrient absorption
Ileum absorbs b12 bile salts
End of ileum Is illeocecal valve. Locks entry large investing

Question 17

Deudenom

Answer 17

Pancreas juices secreted into it.

Bicarbonate organic salt nutrilize acids
Proteolytic enzymes

neutralize acid chyme further breakdown food into component parts

Question 18

Gallbladder

Answer 18

Organ that Releases bile to assist in emulsification of fat ( in intestine ) stores bile released from liver

Question 19

Enteroheppatic circulation

Answer 19

Blood circulation between intestine and liver how bile saint recycling occurs

Bile salts recycled and reabsorbed
- soluble dietary fiber bind to salts for elimination
Cholesterol required for bike synthesis so fiber lower cholesterol

Question 20

Prebiotic

Answer 20

Not digested rather fermented by micro flora stimulates healthy bacteria

Question 21

Probiotics

Answer 21

Live microorganisms restore beneficial bacteria in gintrady

Question 22

The liver

Answer 22

Hepatic portal system veins carry blood from capillaries of stomach intestine and pancreas and spleen- liver secreted one pint bile per day

Question 23

Pancreas

Answer 23

Made of 98% exocrine acinar cells secrete pancreatic juice neutralize stomac acid

Secreted glucoregulatory hormones - balance blood glucose levels glucagon or insulin

Question 24

Neurotransmitters

Answer 24

Transits nerve impulses

Question 25

Enteric nervous system

Answer 25

Digestive systems own local nervous system- mini brain- controls gastrointestinal organs