CHAPTER 2 - L1

Question 1

the most significant thinker and the most accomplished individual who has ever lived.

Answer 1

ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Question 2

• The natural function of a thing is determined by its _______.

With respect to living things, there are particular ways of being that constitute the perfection of the living thing’s nature.

Answer 2

natural end

Question 3

• According to Aristotle, there is an ______ of all of the actions that we perform which we desire for itself.

Answer 3

end

Question 4

a property of one’s life when considered as a whole.

Answer 4

• Eudaimonia

Question 5

the highest good of human endeavors and that toward which all actions aim. It is success as a human being. The best life is one of excellent human activity.

Answer 5

• Flourishing

Question 6

• For him, the good is what is good for purposeful, goal-directed entities.

Answer 6

ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Question 7

the good of each species is ______ to that species. A person’s nature as a human being provides him with guidance with respect to how he should live his life.

Answer 7

teleologically immanent

Question 8

means “good for” the individual moral agent.

Answer 8

• Good

Question 9

an integral part of Aristotle’s ethics.

Answer 9

• Egoism

Question 10

• In the fields of hard science, the process of inquiry is more direct and finite:

Answer 10

o Take a question.
o use evidence to form an explanation;
o connect that explanation to existing knowledge; and
o communicate that evidence-based explanation.

Question 11

• Experimentation based on the scientific method follows a similar course:

Answer 11

o Combine a scientific question with research to construct a hypothesis;
o conduct experiments to test that hypothesis;
o evaluate the results to draw conclusions; and
o communicate those conclusions.

Question 12

• Kids usually form a basic opinion about the sciences shortly after ______.

Answer 12

beginning school

Question 13

one of the most important subjects in school due to its relevance to students’ lives and the universally applicable problem-solving and critical thinking skills it uses and develops.

Answer 13

• Science education

Question 14

are 8 goals that UN Member States have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015.

Answer 14

United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Question 15

• The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in _______, commits world leaders to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women.

Answer 15

September 2000

Question 16

o The MDGs are derived from this Declaration

Answer 16

United Nations Millennium Declaration

Question 17

8 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs)

Answer 17

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
2. Achieve universal primary education.
3. Promote gender equality and empower women.
4. Reduce child mortality.
5. Improve Maternal health.
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
7. Ensure environmental sustainability.
8. Develop a global partnership for development.

Question 18

• Under nutrition which includes fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc, along with suboptimal breastfeeding; is the underlying cause of death in an estimated 45% of all deaths among children under 5 years of age.

Answer 18

MDG 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

Question 19

MDG 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

• This rate of progress is close to the rate required to meet the MDG target, however improvements have been ______ distributed between and within different regions.

Answer 19

unevenly

Question 20

• Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

Answer 20

MDG 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

Question 21

• Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and to all levels of education no later than 2015.

Answer 21

MDG 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

Question 22

• Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. Globally, significant progress has been made in reducing mortality in children under 5 years of age.

Answer 22

MDG 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Question 23

• To reduce the number of maternal deaths, women need access to good-quality reproductive health care and effective interventions.

Answer 23

MDG 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

Question 24

• Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS. Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it.

Answer 24

MDG 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

Question 25

* The coverage of interventions such as the distribution of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying has greatly increased and will need to be sustained in order to prevent the resurgence of disease and deaths caused by malaria.

Answer 25

MDG 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

Question 26

_________, which emerged primarily as a result of inadequate treatment, continues to pose problems.

Answer 26

multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

Question 27

a medically diverse group of infectious conditions caused by a variety of pathogens.

Answer 27

tropical diseases

Question 28

o In 2013 only 6314 cases of human _______ were reported, representing the lowest levels of recorded cases in 50 years. This disease is now targeted for elimination as a public health problem by 2020.

Answer 28

African trypanosomiasis

Question 29

o ______ is also on the verge of eradication with an historic low of 126 cases reported in 2014 and an ongoing WHO target of interrupting its transmission by the end of 2015.

Answer 29

Dracunculiasis

Question 30

o Plans to eliminate ____ as a public health problem worldwide by 2020 have also been prepared and are being implemented.

Answer 30

leprosy

Question 31

o The elimination of _______ as a public health problem in the Indian subcontinent by 2020 is on track with a greater than 75% reduction in incident cases recorded since the launch of the programme in 2005.

Answer 31

visceral leishmaniasis

Question 32

o In the case of ______, more than 5 billion treatments have been delivered since 2000 to stop its spread and of the 73 known endemic countries 39 are on track to achieve its elimination as a public health problem by 2020.

Answer 32

lymphatic filariasis

Question 33

o By 2015, halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. o The world has now met the MDG target relating to access to safe drinking-water.

Answer 33

MDG 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Question 34

o In ____, 90% of the population used an improved source of drinking-water compared with 76% in 1990.

Answer 34

2012

Question 35

o The number of people living in urban areas without access to improved sanitation is increasing because of rapid growth in the size of ______

Answer 35

urban populations.

Question 36

* In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential medicines in developing countries. * Many people continue to face a scarcity of medicines in the public sector, forcing them to the private sector where prices can be substantially higher.

Answer 36

MDG 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

Question 37

* _____ works with partners to support national efforts to achieve the health-related MDGs.

Answer 37

WHO

Question 38

* WHO’s activities include:

Answer 38

o setting prevention and treatment guidelines and other global norms and standards; o providing technical support to countries to implement guidelines; o analyzing social and economic factors and highlighting the broader risks and opportunities for health.