LESSON 2 Flashcards
He used the Bible to calculate that the earth was created in 4004 BC
Archbishop Ussher in 1650
He believed that the earth must be extremely old because he recognized that natural selection and evolution required vast amounts of time
Charles Darwin in the mid-19th century
It was not until the discovery of ____ began to put a timescale on the history of the earth.
radioactivity
____ often contain heavy radioactive
elements which decay over a long periods of
time, the decay is unaffected.
Rocks
By the physical and chemical conditions and different elements ____ at different rates (these rates are slow and half –lives of several hundred million years are not uncommon) that scientists could give an actual estimate of the age of the earth.
decay
The oldest volcanic rock found so far has been dated at _____ years old.
3.75 billion
Science is an assumption that events in the physical world follow orderly cause-and-effect patterns that can understood through careful observation, measurements, and experimentations
Science as an idea
Science is a possible and testable answer to a scientific question or explanation of what scientists observe in nature.
Science as an intellectual activity
Science is a subject of discipline, a field of study, describe the scientific methods and the importance of observation, experimentation, and models
Science as a body of knowledge
Science is an important and certain results of science done by human beings to develop better understanding of the world around us is based on the large body of evidence
Science as a personal and social activity
In European history the term _____ refers to the period between Copernicus and Newton.
‘Scientific Revolution’
More radical proposals have suggested that the Scientific Revolution might apply to the so called Enlightenment ____ thus extending to roughly 1750.
‘Newtonians’
The learned view of things in 16th-century thought was that the world was composed of Four Qualities:
Aristotle’s Earth, Water, Air, and Fire
Newton’s learned contemporaries believed that the world was _____ or _____ (small material bodies)
made of atoms or
corpuscles
The Polish Astronomer who created the Copernican Revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus
the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System.
The Copernican Revolution
He was the Italian scientist who found convincing evidence in favor of the Copernican Model.
Galileo Galilei
At the same time as Galileo was making his critical observations of the planets, a German mathematician, ______, was putting into place another key piece of the puzzle.
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler had the good fortune to be a student of the Danish astronomer _____, who had accumulated volumes of accurate astronomical observations.
Tycho Brahe
After publishing his findings, Galileo was contacted by _____, who demanded he retract his heretical ideas.
Pope Paul V
the widely held notion that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flowers – all related
Darwinian Revolution/Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
as random genetic mutations occur within an organism’s genetic code, the beneficial mutations are preserved because they aid survival - - a process known as _____
“natural selection”
acts to preserve and accumulate minor advantageous genetic mutations
Natural Selection
one composed of
multiple parts, all of which are necessary
for the system to function
+ If even one part is missing, the entire system will fail to function
irreducibly complex system
