Chapter 2: Ontogeny of the Immune Cell Flashcards
(57 cards)
Hematopoeisis involves the production, development, differentiation, and maturation of the blood cells (erythrocytes, megakaryocytes and leukocytes) from what type of cells?
multipotent stem cells
During embryogenesis and early fetal development, where is the site of hematopoiesis?
yolk sac
Where does hematopoeisis shift during the process of organogenesis?
liver and spleen
What is the difference in location of where hematopoeisis takes place in development from early years to adulthood?
from bone marrow in distal long bones to bone marrow in axial skeleton
Common lymphoid progenitor cells give rise to what type of cells?
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells
What types of cells are produced by a common myeloid progenitor cell
erythrocytes, megakaryocytes/thrombocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells
What are NK cells? What do NK cells recognize?
large granular lymphocyte that recognizes tumor and virally infected cells through non-specific binding
What in the body is needed to signal production of lymphoid cells from the multipotent stem cells?
IL-7
What in the body is needed to signal production of myeloid stem cells from multipotent stem cells?
GM-CSF (granulocyte/monocyte colony stimulating factor), IL-3
What signal in the body is needed to differentiate myeloid stem cells to eosinophil progenitors?
IL-5
What signal in the body is needed to differentiate myeloid stem cells to megakaryocytes?
thrombopoietin
What signal in the body is needed to differentiate myeloid stem cells to erythroid progenitor cells?
erythropoeitin from the kidney that is released when it senses low O2
Understand this diagram
Ontogeny of Immune Cells
Another name for neutrophil?
polymorphonuclear cell PMN
What is the most abundant circulating WBC in the blood?
Neutrophil
Describe the appearance of the neutrophil?
*granulocyte
* segmented lobular nuclei (3-5 lobes)
*small pink cytoplasmic granules
Describe the appearance of lymphocytes?
large, dark staining nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm
Describe the appearance of plasma cells?
- small eccentric nucleus (“clock face nuclei”)
- intensely staining Golgi apparatus
Describe the appearance of an NK cell?
- lymphocyte with large cytoplasmic granules
Where are lymphocytes found?
bloodstream, secondary lymphoid tissues
Where are plasma cells found?
bloodstream, secondary lymphoid tissue and bone marrow
Where are NK cells found?
bloodstream
What the the functions of neutrophils?
phagocytic activity aimed at killing extracellular pathogens
What are the functions of lymphocytes?
no function until activate in the secondary lymphoid tissues
