Chapter 2 Page 3 Flashcards
(11 cards)
What led to the de-centralization of power in the Mughal Empire?
Aurangzeb’s expansion led to the splintering of the empire, manifesting as external invasions, internal rebellions, and the rise of the Marathan Empire in the south.
What were the military costs faced by the Mughal Empire?
Putting down external invasions and internal rebellions was very costly, leading to increased taxation that was resented by the masses. The military costs were unsustainable.
What was the impact of the lack of a law of primogeniture on the Mughal Empire?
The lack of a law of succession caused in-fighting among the Mughals, weakening the empire from within and making it vulnerable to external threats. In the 10 years after Aurangzeb’s death, 12 different people claimed to be emperor.
How did declining military expertise affect the Mughal Empire?
Complacency led to neglect of the army, resulting in apathy, lack of discipline, technological decline, and subsequent weakness in military strength.
What was the consequence of the Mughal’s pleasure-seeking lifestyle?
Affluence and power made the Mughals decadent and lazy, leading to extravagant court expenses that were unsustainable.
How did weak control affect the Mughal Empire?
Over-dependence on courtiers led to intrigues and weak control over the nobility, resulting in inefficiency, corruption, and pockets of rebellion.
What happened to the empire after Aurangzeb’s death?
The empire shrank as rebellious states declared independence, and the mansabdari system and tax collection dwindled.
What external invasion occurred in 1738?
Nadir Shah, the king of Persia, invaded, defeated Mughal forces in 1739, looted Delhi, and took the Peacock throne.
Who was Ahmad Shah Durrani and what did he do?
Ahmad Shah Durrani, appointed by Nadir Shah, became the king of Afghanistan after Nadir’s death and invaded India, taking over several regions by 1756.
How did the British arrive in the sub-continent?
The British arrived with the intention to trade but began to interfere in politics after Aurangzeb’s death, exploiting the power vacuum.
What advantages did the British have over the Mughal military?
The British had experienced the Industrial Revolution, giving them unmatched military might, discipline, and expertise in diplomacy.
