Chapter 2 (PBL) Flashcards
What is a chylomicron?
A lipid/protein complex created in the intestine using dietary fats, used to transport dietary triacylglycerol to the blood via the lymph
What is the role of insulin?
It stimulates blood to be removed from the blood to be used and the excess stores as glycogen or converted to triacylglycerols, this stimulating fatty acid synthesis.
What is the role of glucagon?
It increases blood glucose and stimulates glycogen degradation (primarily in the liver but also in skeletal muscle), and glucose synthesis from amino acids and other sources.
How are triacylglycerols created in the liver tranported via blood to other tissues?
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
What is the role of salivary amylase in digestion, and what inactivates it?
To cleave carbohydrates into dextrins prior to further digestion in the small intestine; acidic pH of the stomach inactivates it
Does the liver store triacylglyerols? If yes, where exactly ? If not, where? What happens to these tryacylglycerols?
The liver does not store triacylglycerols. The liver packages triacylglycerols along with proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol into the lipoprotein complexes known as VLDL, which are secreted into the bloodstream. Some of the fatty acids form the VLDL are taken up by tissues fro their immediate energy needs, but most are stored in adipose tissue as triacylglycerols.
Why can red blood cells only use glucose? What specifically can’t they do?
RBCs lack mitochondria. Therefore, RBCs can’t perform fatty acid oxidation, the TCA cycle, the electron-transport chain, and oxidation phosphorylation because these processes all occur in the mitochondria.
How does the RBC generate energy?
Generates ATP through anaerobic glycolysis in the cytosol and obtains all its energy through this process Pyruvate is converted from glucose and then its converted to lactate. Lactate is then released into the blood
What hormone stimulates the transport of glucose into adipose and muscle cells?
Insulin
What do adipocytes use energy for and what do they use the energy to make?
Adipocytes oxidize glucose for energy and use glucose to make the glycerol moiety of the triacylglycerides they store in adipose tissue
Can fatty acids provide carbons for gluconeogenesis?
No, only glycerol from the triacylglycerol can provide carbons for gluconeogenesis
