Chapter 42 (PBL)

Question 1

Neutrophils travel to sites of infection or injury and destroy foreign bodies. How do they do this?

Answer 1

They engulf the body and create a high amount of oxygen radicals that destroy the foreign substance. This is called the respiratory burst.

Question 2

Describe eosinophils.

Answer 2

• Defend against parasites, and also remove fibrin during inflammation
• granulues contain hydrolytic enzymes and cationic proteins which are both toxic to parasitic worms
• Found in high amounts in asthma, allergic responses, autoimmune responses, and some cancers
• stains red
• Degranulate: cytotoxic chemical such as oxygen radicals

Question 3

Describe Basophils

Answer 3

• Involved in allergic response
• Turn into mast cells
• Granules contain histamine, which stimulates smooth muscle contraction and vascular permeability
• Degranulate: cytotoxic chemical such as igE, histamine, heparin:anticoagulant
• contains proteases, beta-glucuronidase, and lysophospholipase
• degrades microbial stuctures and remodels damaged tissue
• stains blue

Question 4

Describe Neutrophils

Answer 4

• Travel to sites of infection or injury and destroy foreign bodies
• They engulf the body and create a high amount of oxygen radicals that destroy the foreign substances
• Degranulate: antimicrobial agent called the respiratory burst
• stains pink

Question 5

Describe mononuclear leukocytes

Answer 5

• Lymphocytes = main antigen recognizing cells of the body
• 3 types: T-cells, B=cells, & Natural Killer (NK) cells
• T cells = formed in bone marrow and mature in thymus
• B cells = formed and mature in bone marrow
• NK cells target viral and malignant cells for destruction

Question 6

What do circulating monocytes evolve into and what does it do?

Answer 6

Circulating monocytes evolve into macrophages that consume microorganisms as well as the leftovers of cell necrosis caused by granulocytes

Question 7

In the spleen, what do macrophages consume?

Answer 7

In the spleen, macrophages consume RBCs with reduced oxygen carrying capacity

Question 8

Where are platelets produced and how?

Answer 8

Platelets are produced by the budding of megakaryocytes in the blood marrow

Question 9

What does normocytic mean?

Answer 9

Normally sized RBC

Question 10

What does microcytic mean?

Answer 10

Small RBC

Question 11

What does Macrocytic mean?

Answer 11

Large RBC

Question 12

What does Normochromic mean?

Answer 12

Normal hemoglobin concentration

Question 13

What does Hypochromic mean?

Answer 13

Decreased hemoglobin concentration

Question 14

What does Hyperchromic mean?

Answer 14

Increased hemoglobin concentration