Chapter 2, Phonetics

Question 1

An approach to phonetics that studies the physiological mechanisms of speech production.

Answer 1

Articulatory phonetics

Question 2

An approach to phonetics that is concerned with measuring and analyzing the physical properties of sound waves produced when we speak.

Answer 2

Acoustic phonetics

Question 3

Sounds that are produced with a narrow or complete closure in the vocal tract.

Answer 3

Consonants

Question 3

A unit of linguistic structure that consists of a syllabic element and any segments that are associated with it.

Answer 3

Syllable

Question 4

Sounds that are produced with little obstruction in the vocal tract and that are generally voiced.

Answer 4

Vowels

Question 5

The oral cavity, nasal cavity, and pharynx.

Answer 5

Vocal tract

Question 6

The box-like structure located in the throat through which air passes during speech production, commonly known as the voicebox.

Answer 6

Larynx

Question 7

A set of muscles inside the larynx that may be positioned in various ways to produce different glottal states

Answer 7

Vocal folds (Vocal cords)

Question 8

The glottal state in which the vocal folds are brought close together, but not tightly closed, causing air passing through them to vibrate (e.g., [æ], [z], [m]).

Answer 8

Voiced

Question 9

The glottal state in which the vocal folds are pulled apart, allowing air to pass directly through the glottis (e.g., [t], [s], [f]).

Answer 9

Voiceless

Question 10

The area of the throat between the
uvula and the larynx.

Answer 10

Pharynx

Question 11

The small ridge that protrudes from just behind the upper front teeth.

Answer 11

Alveolar ridge

Question 12

The soft area toward the rear of the roof of the mouth.

Answer 12

Velum

Question 13

The small fleshy flap of tissue that hangs down from the velum.

Answer 13

Uvula

Question 14

Sounds made by using both lips.

Answer 14

Bilabials

Question 15

Sounds involving the lower lip and upper teeth (e.g., the initial sounds of freedom and vintage).

Answer 15

Labiodentals

Question 16

Sounds made with the tongue placed between the teeth (e.g., [θ], [ð])

Answer 16

Interdentals

Question 17

Sounds made by curling the tongue tip back into the mouth, as is done in producing the English r.

Answer 17

Retroflex

Question 18

The area just behind the
alveolar ridge where the roof of the mouth rises sharply. Sounds made with the tongue touching or near this area are called…

Answer 18

Alveopalatal

Question 19

Sounds produced with the tongue on or near the palate (e.g., [j]).

Answer 19

Palatals

Question 20

Sounds made with the tongue touching
or near the velum (e.g., [ŋ], [k]).

Answer 20

Velars

Question 21

Sounds produced by using the vocal
folds as the primary articulators (e.g., [h], [ʔ]).

Answer 21

Glottals

Question 22

Sounds made with a complete and
momentary closure of airflow through the vocal tract (e.g., the initial sounds of pleasure and grab).

Answer 22

Stops

Question 23

Non-sonorant consonants produced with a continuous airflow through the mouth, accompanied by a continuous audible noise (e.g., [f], [ʃ]).

Answer 23

Fricatives

Question 24

Non-continuant consonants that show a slow release of the closure (e.g., [tʃ, dʒ]).

Answer 24

Affricates

Question 25

Sounds produced by lowering the velum, allowing air to pass through the nasal passages.

Answer 25

Nasal

Question 26

The class of /l/ and /r/ sounds.

Answer 26

Liquids

Question 27

Sounds that are produced with an articulation like that of a vowel but move quickly to another articulation (e.g., [j], [w]).

Answer 27

Glides

Question 28

A sound commonly identified with r in some languages and produced when the tongue tip strikes the alveolar ridge as it passes across it

Answer 28

Flap