Chapter 1, Introduction

Question 1

Speakers’ knowledge of their language, which allows them to produce and understand an unlimited number of utterances, including many that are novel.

Answer 1

Competence

Question 2

Actual language use in particular
situations.

Answer 2

Performance

Question 3

The study of how speech sounds are
articulated and perceived.

Answer 3

Phonetics

Question 4

The component of the grammar that is concerned with the system of contrasts and patterns involving speech sounds.

Answer 4

Phonology

Question 5

The component of the grammar that is concerned with the structure of words.

Answer 5

Morphology

Question 6

The component of the grammar that is concerned with the form of grammatical sentences.

Answer 6

Syntax

Question 7

The component of the grammar that
is concerned with the meaning of words and sentences.

Answer 7

Semantics

Question 8

the strategies (above and beyond the grammar) that guide the way speakers use and interpret language

Answer 8

pragmatics

Question 9

The mental system of rules and categories that allows humans to form and interpret the words and sentences of their language.

Answer 9

Grammar

Question 10

A characteristic of linguistic research that seeks to describe human linguistic ability and knowledge, not to prescribe one system in preference to another.

Answer 10

Descriptive Grammar

Question 11

A characteristic of certain approaches to grammar in that they seek to prescribe one system in preference to another.

Answer 11

Prescriptive Grammar

Question 12

rules of a language governing the sounds, words, sentences, and other elements, as well as their combination and interpretation

Answer 12

grammatical (Rule)

Question 13

the use or creation of a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes

Answer 13

onomatopoeia