chapter 2: population and health

Question 1

population density

Answer 1

a measurement of the number of people per given unit of land

Question 2

arithmetic population density

Answer 2

the population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. population of areal unit/number of km^2 (or mi^2) in that unit

Question 3

physiological population distribution

Answer 3

the number of people per unit area of arable land

Question 4

population distribution

Answer 4

description of locations on the earth’s surface where populations live ex. the population is scarce in most of australia

Question 5

dot map

Answer 5

maps where one dot represents a certain number of phenomenon, such as population

Question 6

megalopolis

Answer 6

term for extremely large cities

Question 7

census

Answer 7

a periodic and official count of a country’s population

Question 8

total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 8

the average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years

Question 9

old-age dependency ratio

Answer 9

the number of people 65 years old for every 100 people between the ages 15-64

Question 10

child dependency ratio

Answer 10

the number of people between the ages 0-14 for every 100 people between the ages 15-64

Question 11

doubling time

Answer 11

the time required for a population to double in size

Question 12

population explosion

Answer 12

the rapid growth of the world’s population during the past century, attended by ever shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase

Question 13

zero population growth

Answer 13

a state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of death is exactly offset by the number of births

Question 14

crude birth rate (CBR)

Answer 14

the number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population

Question 15

crude death rate (CDR)

Answer 15

the number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population

Question 16

natural increase

Answer 16

population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths. Natural increase does not reflect immigration or emigration movement

Question 17

demographic transition

Answer 17

multistage model of changes in pop growth exhibited by countries under-going industrialization. High birth & death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain; followed by the convergence of birth rates and death rates at an overall low level

Question 18

stationary population level (SPL)

Answer 18

the level at which a national population ceases to grow

Question 19

population composition

Answer 19

structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education

Question 20

population pyramids

Answer 20

visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each group is represented by a horizontal bar that represents its relationship to the total population

Question 21

infant mortality rate (IMR)

Answer 21

a figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population

Question 22

child mortality rate (CMR)

Answer 22

a figure that describes the number of children that die between 1-5 in a given population

Question 23

life expectancy

Answer 23

a figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live.

Question 24

infectious diseases

Answer 24

diseases that are spread by bacteria , viruses, or parasites. diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human

Question 25

chronic or degenerative diseases

Answer 25

generally long lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies

Question 26

genetic or inherited diseases

Answer 26

diseases that are passed down through generations

Question 27

endemic

Answer 27

when a disease spreads only in one region

Question 28

epidemic

Answer 28

when a disease spreads only in one country

Question 29

pandemic

Answer 29

the worldwide spread of a disease

Question 30

malaria

Answer 30

vectored disease spread by mosquitoes that carry the malaria parasite in their saliva and which kills approximately 150,000 children in the global periphery each month

Question 31

AIDS

Answer 31

immune system disease caused by HIV, which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as cancer or pneumonia may hasten an infected persons demise

Question 32

expansive population policies

Answer 32

government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth

Question 33

eugenic population policies

Answer 33

government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others

Question 34

restrictive population policies

Answer 34

government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural population increase

Question 35

one-child policy

Answer 35

china’s policy of one child per family to slow population growth