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Science > Chapter 2 - Reaction Types > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Reaction Types Flashcards

1
Q

Reactants in chemical equation

A

Come before the arrow. They react to form the products

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2
Q

Law of conservation of matter

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed

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3
Q

Balanced equations and law of conservation matter

A

Obviously if matter cannot be created or destroyed, in chemical equations they must be balanced to show the law of conservation of matter

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4
Q

Isotopes

A

Different atoms of the same element. They have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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5
Q

Radioisotope

A

Some isotopes are unstable. These are called radioisotopes. They decay over time and release energy (nuclear radiation)

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6
Q

Half life

A

The time taken for half if the substance to decay into other ato,s. Different radio isotopes have different half lives. Eg: Potassium-42 = 12 hours, Uranium-235 = 703.2 million years

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7
Q

Products in chemical equation

A

Come after the arrow

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8
Q

Types of Nuclear Radiation

A

Alpha, beta, gamma

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9
Q

Alpha Diagram

A

2 neutrons and 2 protons

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10
Q

Alpha description

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons. Nucleus of a helium. Moves towards negative in a magnetic field

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11
Q

Alpha charge

A

+2 positive

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12
Q

Penetration alpha

A

Stopped by 6cm of air, paper, easily stopped

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13
Q

Ionising strength alpha

A

High 20 electrons over alpha particle

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14
Q

Beta diagram

A

1 electron

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15
Q

Beta description

A

An electron. Moves towards positive in magnetic field

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16
Q

Beta charge

A

-1 negative

17
Q

Penetration beta

A

Stopped by aluminium

18
Q

Ionising strength beta

A

Medium 1 electron per beta particle

19
Q

Gamma diagram

A

A wave

20
Q

Gamma description

A

Wave with no mass. Electromagnetic wave, not effected by magnetic field. Also nuclear radiation

21
Q

Charge gamma

A

No charge

22
Q

Penetration gamma

A

Stopped by 10cm of lead. Hardest to stop

23
Q

Ionising strength gamma

A

Low 1 electron per gamma ray

24
Q

Nuclear Radiation

A

Any rays or particle emitted by atomic nuclei

25
Q

Ionising radiation

A

Can remove electrons from atoms and molecules causing them to die or mutate

26
Q

Radiation burns

A

Cause by short exposure to large amounts of radiation. Damages cells on surface causing blistering, redness and itching

27
Q

Radiation sickness

A

Caused by short exposure to large amounts of radiation or long exposure to small amounts of radiation. Causes nausea, vomiting, fever, hair loss, diarrhoea

28
Q

Cell mutation

A

If radiation damages DNA (which tells the cell how to function), the the cell is reprogrammed and a cancer can grow eg: melanoma. This can happen from even small exposure but the likelihood of it happening increases with exposure to radiation. Ionising radiation can also cause mutation in sperm and ova causing genetic or inherited mutation in offspring. This usually occurs in animals, not humans

29
Q

Useful radiation - Radiotherapy

A

Radiotherapy is used to treat cancers. The cancer is exposed with a high concentration of radiation to kill the cancer cells. But this can come with side effects by also killing so,e healthy cells and resulting in nausea, hair loss, heart disease etc

30
Q

Useful radiation - sterilisation

A

Radiation is also used to kill bacteria in medical equipment and food. Eg: bandages and needles can be sterilised without the use of harmful chemicals. Food treated with radiation lasts longer before rotting or going stale

31
Q

Complete methane combustion equation

A

Methane + oxygen gas —> Carbon dioxide + water vapour

32
Q

Complete octane combustion reaction

A

Octane + oxygen gas —> Carbon dioxide + water vapour

33
Q

Incomplete methane combustion equation

A

Methane + oxygen gas —> Carbon monoxide + water vapour

34
Q

Acid carbonate word equation

A

Acid + Carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

35
Q

Acid carbonate symbol equation

A

2HCl+CaCO3 —> CaCl3 + H2O + CO2

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