Chapter 2 Respiratory System-Support Structures

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

Exchange of gas between an organism and its environment.

Essential for voice production

Question 2

inspiration

inhalation

Answer 2

the process of bringing air into the lungs

Question 3

expiration

exhalation

Answer 3

process of eliminating air (co2) from the lungs.

Question 4

Support Structure for Respiration

Answer 4

Vertebral column, pelvic and pectoral girdles, sternum, ribs

Question 5

Vertebral Column

Answer 5

Provides protection for the spinal cord

pg 18 notes

Question 6

(Types of Vertebrae): 7 Cervical (neck) C1 -C7.

Atlas (C1)

Answer 6

Supports the weight of the skull.
Very small spinous process.

pg 18 notes

Question 7

(Types of Vertebrae): 7 Cervical (neck) C1 -C7.

Axis (C2)

Answer 7

Fits into the Atlas and allows for rotation and pivoting of the skull

pg 18 notes

Question 8

(Types of Vertebrae): 12 Thoracic (behind rib cage) T1-T12

Answer 8

Larger spinous and transverse processes than cervical vertebrae.

Superior and inferior costal facets and transverse costal facets are the attachment points for the ribs.

pg 18 notes

Question 9

(Types of Vertebrae): 5 Lumbar (lower back) L1-L5

Answer 9

Largest and strongest vertebrae.

Provide attachment points for back and abdominal muscles.

pg 18 notes

Question 10

(Types of Vertebrae): 1 Sacrum (hips)

Answer 10

5 sacral vertebrae (S1-S5) fuse together to form the sacrum.

Sacral foramina - provide a passageway for sacral nerves.

pg 18 notes

Question 11

(Types of Vertebrae): 1 Coccyx (tailbone)

Answer 11

3-4 coccygeal vertebrae fuse together to form the coccyx.

Articulates with sacrum by means of a small disc.

pg 18 notes

Question 12

(Structures of Vertebrae): Body (corpus)

Answer 12

Anterior large plate-like portion

pg 18 notes

Question 13

(Structures of Vertebrae): Pedicles

Answer 13

Lateral sides of the body, project posteriorly, then join at midline

Pg 18 notes

Question 14

(Structures of Vertebrae): Neural arch

Answer 14

Created where pedicles join at midline

pg 18 notes

Question 15

(Structures of Vertebrae): Vertebral foramen

Answer 15

Canal created when vertebrae are stacked, passage of spinal cord
pg 18 notes

Question 16

(Structures of Vertebrae): Spinous Process

Answer 16

(Structures of Vertebrae): protrudes from back of the body part of vertebrae
pg 18 notes

Question 17

(Structures of Vertebrae): Transverse Process

Answer 17

Projectslaterally on either side of the vertebrae.

Attachment point for muscles and ligaments.

pg 18 notes

Question 18

(Structures of Vertebrae): Superior and Inferior Articular Facets

Answer 18

Allow vertebrae to “stack” on top of one another

pg 18

Question 19

(Structures of Vertebrae): Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

Answer 19

Extend through the length of the spinal column.

Bind the bodies of the vertebrae together.
pg 18 notes

Question 20

Intervertebral discs

Answer 20

Fibrocartilaginous discs found between vertebrae except for C1 and C2.
Provides a support and cushion for vertebrae.
pg 18 notes

Question 21

(Spinal curvature, normal): Cervical curve

Answer 21

concave

pg 18

Question 22

(Spinal curvature, normal): Thoracic Curve

Answer 22

convex

pg 18

Question 23

(Spinal curvature, normal): Lumbar Curve

Answer 23

concave

pg 18

Question 24

(Spinal curvature, normal): Sacral Curve

Answer 24

convex

pg 18

Question 25

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 25

Supports lower extremities. Bears weight for legs. pg 21

Question 26

(Pelvic Girdle, Structures): Ilium

Answer 26

Large, wing like bone. Supports abdominal muscles. pg 21

Question 27

(Pelvic Girdle, Structures): Ischium

Answer 27

Makes up lower and back portion of hip. Fuses with ilium and pubis. pg 21

Question 28

(Pelvic Girdle, Structures): Pubic bones (pubis)

Answer 28

Joins together at the pubic symphysis | pg 21

Question 29

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 29

Supports upper extremities | pg 21

Question 30

(Pectoral Girdle, Structures): Scapula (shoulder blade)

Answer 30

Attachment point for several muscles which allow flexible upper body movement and strength. Attaches to axial skeleton only via clavicle. pg 21

Question 31

(Pectoral Girdle, Structures): Clavicle (collarbone)

Answer 31

Attaches to sternum and scapula. Provides anterior support for scapula. pg 21

Question 32

Sternum

Answer 32

Attaches to the clavicle. Articulates with ribs by means of costal cartilage. pg 21

Question 33

(Sternum, Structures): Manubrium sterni

Answer 33

Uppermost segment of the sternum. Contains jugular notch. Articulates with clavicle and first rib and part of second rib. pg 21

Question 34

(Sternum, Structures): Corpus (body)

Answer 34

Articulates with 5 ribs | pg 21

Question 35

(Sternum, Structures): Xiphoid (ensiform process)

Answer 35

Provides attachment to the linea alba (midline of abdomen) | pg 21

Question 36

True Ribs

Answer 36

Consists of the upper ribs (1-7). Direct attachment to the sternum via a cartilaginous (chondral) union. Allows for expanding rib cage without breaking ribs. pg 22

Question 37

False Ribs

Answer 37

Ribs 8, 9, and 10. Attached to the sternum via cartilage which runs superiorly. pg 22

Question 38

Floating or Vertebral Ribs

Answer 38

Ribs 11 and 12. Does not attach to sternum. pg 22

Question 39

(Ribs, Structures): Head

Answer 39

provides the articulating surface with the spinal column | pg 22

Question 40

(Ribs, Structures): Neck

Answer 40

portion right below the head of the rib | pg 22

Question 41

(Ribs, Structures): Angle

Answer 41

the point at which the rib begins to curve forward | pg 22

Question 42

(Ribs, Structures): Shaft

Answer 42

the body of the rib | pg 22