Chapter 2: Routes and Techniques of Drug Admin.

Question 1

All drugs should be considered potential _ and give with great care

Answer 1

poisons

Question 2

Appropriate administration of a drug includes

Answer 2

amount, route, frequency

Question 3

Any orders that are not complete, unclear, or that give a dosage outside the recommended range should be _

Answer 3

questioned

Question 4

All verbal drug orders should be _ as soon as possible

Answer 4

documented

Question 5

6 rights of drug administration

Answer 5

-right drug
-right dose
-right time
-right route
-right patient
-right documentation

Question 6

The label on the container should be read _ times

Answer 6

3

Question 7

Never give medications from a container that is not

Answer 7

labeled

Question 8

Before calculating a drug dose, an _ of the answer based on prior knowledge should be known

Answer 8

estimate

Question 9

When in doubt, have the dose _____

Answer 9

recalculated by another vet tech

Question 10

Why are daily drug doses given at specific times

Answer 10

to keep plasma levels at the proper level to cause the desired effect

Question 11

Appropriate information required to be recorded after administering a drug

Answer 11

-The drug
-Dosage administered
-Time and date administered
-The route and site
-Patient’s response
-The vet’s signature or initials

Question 12

_ is the primary method used to communicate drug administration between professionals

Answer 12

Documentation

Question 13

T/F: it should be documented if an owner refuses drug treatment for his/her animal including the reason for refusal

Answer 13

true

Question 14

The therapeutic range of a drug is the drug concentration in the body that produces ______

Answer 14

the desired effect in the animal with minimal or no signs of toxicity

Question 15

3 major drug factors that keep drugs in their therapeutic range

Answer 15

-route of admin.
-drug dosage
-dosage interval

Question 16

What are parenteral drugs

Answer 16

drugs given by a route other than the GI tract

Question 17

Nonparental drugs are given through the _ _

Answer 17

GI tract

Question 18

Water-insoluble drugs can be given _ but not _

Answer 18

IM; IV

Question 19

some drugs are destroyed by _ _ and cannot be given orally

Answer 19

stomach acid

Question 20

Are injectable routes parenteral or nonparenteral

Answer 20

parenteral

Question 21

Drugs given by injectable administration routes may be _ solutions or _

Answer 21

aqueous; emulsions (mixtures of two immiscible liquids)

Question 22

Drugs given IV have rapid onset of action, high _ _ _ _ _, and shorter duration of activity

Answer 22

initial body levels of drug

Question 23

IV injection techniques includes:

Answer 23

bolus administration, intermittent therapy, and infusion of fluid

Question 24

In most cases, IV drug should be given _

Answer 24

slowly

Question 25

All _ _ must removed from the drug before administration to avoid causing air emboli and tissue damage

Answer 25

air bubbles

Question 26

Repository or depot preparations

Answer 26

IM-injectable drugs may be in a substance that delays absorption

Question 27

IM drugs can be in _ solutions or _

Answer 27

aqueous; suspensions

Question 28

Solutions are

Answer 28

clear liquids that contain or more solvents and one or more solutes

Question 29

Suspensions are

Answer 29

liquid preparations that contain solid drug particles suspended in a suitable medium

Question 30

_ can also be implanted into the SQ space

Answer 30

pellets

Question 31

The rate of absorption of SQ fluid can be manipulated by _

Answer 31

temperature

Question 32

Applying heat to SQ area _ the rate of absorption

Answer 32

increases

Question 33

Applying cold to the SQ area _ the rate of absorption

Answer 33

decreases

Question 34

Intramammary injections typically have fast and even _ and a low degree of _ _ _ _

Answer 34

distribution; binding to udder tissue

Question 35

With inhalation administration, particles diffuse across the _ _

Answer 35

alveolar membrane

Question 36

Transdermal drugs are delivered through

Answer 36

a patch on the skin

Question 37

One side effect of transdermal drug admin.

Answer 37

skin irritation

Question 38

Only drugs needed in relatively _ _ _ can be given through patches

Answer 38

small daily doses

Question 39

Before entering the bloodstream, an oral drug must be released from the _ _, transported across the GI tract, and passed through the liver

Answer 39

dose form

Question 40

Oral drugs may be

Answer 40

tablets, capsules, boluses, powders, solutions, suspensions, or emulsions

Question 41

An emulsion is a mixture of

Answer 41

two or more liquid that are normally immiscible. 2-phase systems consist of liquid drug substances: oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) and water-in-oil emulsion (W/O)

Question 42

Emulsions can be administered

Answer 42

topically, orally, IM

Question 43

Elixir are clean, sweetened hydro-alcoholic solution. These are intended for

Answer 43

oral use and are usually flavored to enhance palatability

Question 44

Suspension is a _ mixture containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation.

Answer 44

heterogenous

Question 45

Suspensions may be used for _ and _ admin.

Answer 45

oral and topical

Question 46

Loading dose

Answer 46

initial dose of drug given to get the drug concentration up to the therapeutic range in a very short period of time

Question 47

Maintenance dose

Answer 47

dose of drug that maintains or keeps the drug in the therapeutic range

Question 48

Total daily dose

Answer 48

total amount of drug delivered in 24 hours

Question 49

Dosage interval

Answer 49

how frequently the dosage is given (ex: BID or TID)

Question 50

Dosage regimen

Answer 50

dosage interval and the dosage together (ex: 30mg/kg TID and 5g/lb BID)

Question 51

What is included in the drug regimen

Answer 51

-route of admin -dosage -frequency -duration

Question 52

Drug toxicity may be due to _ error and/or _

Answer 52

human; accident

Question 53

Drug toxicity may be related to _ _ of the drug

Answer 53

side effects

Question 54

Examples of drug toxicities

Answer 54

-outright overdose -relative overdose -side effects -accidental exposure -interaction with other drugs -incorrect tx

Question 55

some ways to treat drug toxicities

Answer 55

-removal of the offending drug -enhancing drug removal by the animal -counteracting with an antidote -providing symptomatic care or nursing care until the signs have diminished