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Biology > Chapter 2 Structure And Function Of Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Structure And Function Of Cells Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

The chemical energy that cells use. It is produced by mitochondria

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2
Q

Apoptosis

A

The process of programmed cell death

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3
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of dissolved substances from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. Requires energy

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4
Q

Archaeans

A

Prokaryotic organisms

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5
Q

Bacteria

A

Unicellular organism. Prokaryotic.

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Boundary of the cell. Partially permeable

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7
Q

Cell wall

A

Semi rigid structure. Outside the cell membrane. Found in plants, algae, fungi and bacteria

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8
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process of converting chemical energy of food into energy usable by the cell. Mostly ATP

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9
Q

Cellulose

A

Complex carbohydrate (many glucose molecules). Main component of plant cell walls

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10
Q

Chlorophylls

A

Green color that traps the energy of sunlight. Required for photosynthesis

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11
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Organelles containing chlorophyll which are essential photosynthesis

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12
Q

Chromatin

A

Stained substance found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

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13
Q

Cilia

A

Many whip like structures that are enclosed in a thin layer of cell membrane

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14
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of filaments that hold the organelles in place inside a cell

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15
Q

Cytosol

A

Watery fluid found in a eukaryotic cell, contains many dissolved materials

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16
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

DNA contains genetic information, organized into chromosomes in eukaryotic cells

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17
Q

Diatoms

A

Unicellular eukaryotic organisms, common in sea water and fresh water

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18
Q

Diffusion

A

The net movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration, no energy required

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19
Q

Endocytosis

A

Bulk movement of a solid or liquid into the cell

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20
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

An organelle that has a system of channels that transport substance throughout the cell

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21
Q

Endosomes

A

Organelles in animal cells that pass on newly digested material onto lysosomes

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22
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Cells or organisms with a membrane bound nucleus

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23
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Cells with a membrane bound nucleus

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24
Q

Exocytosis

A

The bulk transport of material out of cells via vesicles

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25
Facilitated diffusion
A type of diffusion that involves a specific carrier molecule to assist the substance across the plasma membrane
26
Flagellum
A whip like organelle attached to the plasma membrane. Aids in movement of organisms.
27
Fungi
Group of heterotrophic organisms that play a role in the decomposition of organic matter
28
Golgi complex
An organelle that puts substances into vesicles for export from the cell
29
Grana
Stacks of folded membrane layers where chlorophyll is located in the chloroplast
30
Hydrophilic
Describes substances that can dissolve in water
31
Hypertonic
A solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved substances than a solution being compared
32
Hypotonic
A solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved substances than a solution being compared
33
Isotonic
A solution that has the same concentration as the solution compared
34
Lipophilic
Substances that have a low water solubility or are insoluble but are able to dissolve in lipid
35
Lysosomes
A vesicle that contains digestive enzymes
36
Microtubules
A supporting structure of the cytoskeleton
37
Mitochondria
Organelles that produce ATP for energy in the cell
38
Nuclear envelope
A membrane that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
39
Nucleoli
A structure that is in the nucleus and store rRNA
40
Organ
Structure that is made up of many tissues and performs a special function
41
Organ system
Groups of organs that perform a particular function in an organism
42
Organelles
Structures present in a cell
43
Osmosis
Movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration. Does not require energy
44
Partially permeable
To only allow some dissolved materials to cross
45
Peroxisomes
Small organelles found in eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes that detoxify toxic materials in the bloodstream
46
Phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis that involves solid food particle being transported
47
Photosynthesis
Process of converting trapped light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose
48
Phytoplankton
Photosynthetic organisms that float on water
49
Pinocytosis
Type of endocytosis involving the movement of liquid into cells
50
Plasma membrane
Partially permeable boundary of the cell, separating the cell from the outside and controls the entry and exit of substances
51
Primary cell wall
First layer of the cell wall outside a newly formed plant cell
52
Prokaryotes
Cells and organisms without a membrane bound nucleus
53
Prokaryotic cells
Cells that don't have DNA in a nucleus and lack some organelles
54
Protein filaments
Part of the cytoskeleton that supply strength and support for the cell
55
Proteins
Large molecules made of amino acids
56
Protists
One of the groups of organisms in the five kingdoms
57
Ribonucleic acid
A single stranded nucleic acid, contains ribose sugar, and the nitrogenous bases A, U, C, G
58
Ribosomes
Organelle, containing RNA, that is responsible for protein production
59
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
The Endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached
60
Secondary cell walls
Deposited on the primary cell wall after cell growth has stopped on some plant cells
61
Stroma
Fluid in between the grana which contains enzymes for photosynthesis
62
SA:V Ratio
Identifies the number of surface area units for each volume in a cell
63
Tissue
Groups of similar cells that perform a function
64
Vacuoles
Structures in plant cells containing materials in solution
65
Vesicle
Membrane bound sac filled with fluid

Biology (3 decks)

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