Chapter 3- Composition Of Cells

Question 1

Active site

Answer 1

The part of an enzyme that joins with a substrate

Question 2

Accessory pigments

Answer 2

Pigments, not chlorophyll, that trap light energy and transport it to chlorophyll

Question 3

Adenine

Answer 3

Nitrogenous base that is a building block of DNA and RNA

Question 4

Aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 4

The process of cellular respiration with the presence of oxygen; breakdown of glucose to produce inorganic compounds in the form of ATP

Question 5

Aerobic respiration

Answer 5

The process of cellular respiration with the presence of oxygen; breakdown of glucose to produce inorganic compounds in the form of ATP

Question 6

Amino acids

Answer 6

Compounds containing nitrogen that make up protein

Question 7

Anabolism

Answer 7

The creation of new compounds from simpler ones

Question 8

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

Cellular respiration without oxygen; breakdown of glucose to produce inorganic compounds in the form of ATP

Question 9

Autotrophic

Answer 9

Being able to produce ones own food if given energy

Question 10

Bonds

Answer 10

Forces between atoms that bring them together to form molecules

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

Organic molecules including starch, sugars and cellulose

Question 12

Catabolism

Answer 12

The breakdown of complex molecules to simpler ones

Question 13

Cellular respiration

Answer 13

Process of converting chemical energy into ATP which can then be used by the cell

Question 14

Cellulose

Answer 14

Complex carbohydrate made up of chains of glucose molecules. Main component of plant cell walls

Question 15

Chemical energy

Answer 15

Potential energy stored in substances that can be used when it is changed in certain types of chemical reactions

Question 16

Chitin

Answer 16

Carbohydrate material found in cell walls of some fungi

Question 17

Chlorophylls

Answer 17

Green pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis

Question 18

Chloroplasts

Answer 18

Organelles containing chlorophyll found in the cytosol of cells in certain plant tissue

Question 19

Coenzyme

Answer 19

Organic compound such as a vitamin the assists an enzyme to alter the rat of a reaction

Question 20

Cohesive

Answer 20

Molecules of the same kind tend to stick together

Question 21

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 21

Carbohydrates made up of linked sugar molecules

Question 22

Covalent bond

Answer 22

Type of bind where electrons are shared between the atoms involved

Question 23

Cytosine

Answer 23

Nitrogenous base that is a building block of RNA and DNA

Question 24

DNA

Answer 24

Double stranded nucleic acid containing genetic information and is org aside into chromosomes of eukaryotic cells

Question 25

Enzymes

Answer 25

Proteins that alter the rate of reactions in living organisms

Question 26

Fatty acids

Answer 26

Sub units of the structure lipids

Question 27

Glucose

Answer 27

Most common monosaccharide (sugar molecule)

Question 28

Glycerol

Answer 28

Molecule which attaches to three fatty acids to form a lipid

Question 29

Glycogen

Answer 29

Complex carbohydrate that is a form of storage in animal cells

Question 30

Grana

Answer 30

Stacks of folded membrane layers where chlorophyll is located in the chloroplast

Question 31

Guanine

Answer 31

Nitrogenous base that is a building block DNA and RNA

Question 32

Heterotrophic

Answer 32

Organisms that cannot make their own food and feed off organic material in its environment

Question 33

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 33

Weak bonds that form between complementary nucleotides in DNA

Question 34

Hydrophilic

Answer 34

Describes substances that can dissolve in water

Question 35

Hydrophobic

Answer 35

Describes substances that are insoluble in water

Question 36

Light energy

Answer 36

Radiant energy such as sunlight

Question 37

Lipids

Answer 37

General term for fats, oils and waxes

Question 38

Metabolism

Answer 38

All chemical reactions in a living thing

Question 39

Minerals

Answer 39

Inorganic substance required as a nutrient

Question 40

Monomers

Answer 40

Building blocks of cells

Question 41

Monosaccharide

Answer 41

Simple sugar molecule

Question 42

Nonpolar

Answer 42

Substances that are insoluble in water

Question 43

Nucleic acids

Answer 43

Compounds such as DNA and RNA

Question 44

Organic compounds

Answer 44

Carbon contains compounds found in living matter

Question 45

Phospholipid

Answer 45

Major types of lipids found in the plasma membrane

Question 46

Polar

Answer 46

Substance that are soluble in water

Question 47

Polymers

Answer 47

Large molecule made of similar units

Question 48

Polysaccharides

Answer 48

Carbohydrates made of many sugar units

Question 49

Proteins

Answer 49

Large molecules made of many amino acids

Question 50

RNA

Answer 50

Single stranded nucleic acid contains ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine

Question 51

Starch

Answer 51

Complex carbohydrate, main storage in many plant cells

Question 52

Stroma

Answer 52

Fluid between the grana contains enzymes for photosynthesis

Question 53

Substrate

Answer 53

The compound on which an enzyme acts

Question 54

Thymine

Answer 54

Nitrogenous base that is a building block of DNA and RNA

Question 55

Triglycerides

Answer 55

Organic molecule made of glycerol and three other fatty acid molecules

Question 56

Vitamins

Answer 56

An organic compound required in minute amounts

Question 57

Photosynthesis

Answer 57

Process in which plants trap radiant light to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water