Chapter 2 Study Guide

Question 1

What is Mathew 27:51?

Answer 1

“At the same moment the curtain of the temple was torn in 2 from top to bottom. The Earth shook and the rock split”.

Question 2

Earthquakes are caused by ______

Answer 2

Stress

Question 3

What is Geologic Stress?

Answer 3

The force that acts in rock to change its shape or volume

Question 4

What are the 3 types of Stress?

Answer 4

Compression, Tension, and Shearing

Question 5

Tension _____ on the crust

Answer 5

pulls

Question 6

Compression ________ rock till it _______ or ________

Answer 6

Squeezes, folds, breaks

Question 7

In a reverse fault, the footwall_______
A. Moves higher than the hanging wall
B. Moves lower than the hanging wall
C. Stays the same
D. Shrinks

Answer 7

C.

Question 8

Shearing _______ rock in ___ different directions

Answer 8

pushes, 2

Question 8

What is a Strike- Slip Fault?

Answer 8

It is when rocks slip past each other sideways with very little up and down motion

Question 9

How does a normal fault happens?
A. The hanging wall slips down
B. The hanging wall slips up
C. The hanging wall stays the same
D. The hanging wall shrinks

Answer 9

A

Question 10

What is the difference from a normal fault and a Reverse fault?

Answer 10

In a normal fault the hanging wall slips down, but in a reverse fault, the hanging walll slips up

Question 11

Over Millions of years a flat plain can change into something like a ____________
A. Syncline
B. Folded Mountain
C. Fault Block Mountain
D. Anticline
E. All of the Above
F. None of the Above

Answer 11

E.

Question 12

Sometimes Plate Movement can cause the crust to ______

Answer 12

fold

Question 13

What is a fold?

Answer 13

A bend in the rock that form when compression shortens and thikcens part of Earth’s crust

Question 14

What is a anticline?

Answer 14

A fold in the rock that bends upward into an arch

Question 15

What is a syncline?

Answer 15

A fold in rock that bends downward to form a valley

Question 16

the collision of two plates can cause ___________ and _______ of the crust over a wide area

Answer 16

compression, folding

Question 17

How does a fault block mountain form?

Answer 17

When 2 normal faults cut through a block of rock

Question 18

How does the process of making a fault block mountain form?

Answer 18

When 2 plates move away from each other, tensions forces creates many normal fault and when 2 of them form parallel to each other, a chunk of rock is in between them. The hanging wall from each fault slips down, which then causes the block of rock in between them to move upwards, forming a fault block mountain

Question 19

What is a Plateau?

Answer 19

A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level

Question 20

What are 5 kinds of lardforms caused by plate movement?

Answer 20

anticline, syncline, plateau, folded mountains, and fault-block mountains

Question 21

What is an Earthquake?

Answer 21

The shaking and trembling resulting from the movemment of rock

Question 22

Earthquakes are caused by _____ ________

Answer 22

Plate movement

Question 23

What is the focus?

Answer 23

The center of stress underground where rock breaks

Question 24

The _____ is underground

Answer 24

focus

Question 25

What is the Epicenter?

Answer 25

The point on the surface, directly above the focus

Question 26

the _________ in underground

Answer 26

Epicenter

Question 27

True or False: Seismic Waves carry energy from an earthquake

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What are the 3 types of Seismic Waves?

Answer 28

P-Waves, S-Waves, and Surface Waves

Question 29

What does P-Waves stand for and why?

Answer 29

Primary Waves, because they arrive first

Question 30

What does S-Waves stand for and why?

Answer 30

Secondary Waves, because they arrive second after the P-Waves

Question 31

What are Surface Waves?

Answer 31

Primary Waves and Secondary Waves, just on the surface, not underground

Question 32

True or False: Surface Waves are faster than P and S Waves

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Which of these produce the most damage: Primary, Secondary, or Surface waves

Answer 33

Surface Waves

Question 34

Primary Waves and Secondary Waves are ____ _____

Answer 34

body waves

Question 35

What are the 2 types of Surface Waves?

Answer 35

Ryleigh and Love

Question 36

How does a Seismograph work?

Answer 36

Seismic waves cause the drum on the seisograph to vibrate, but asuspended weight with the pen attached to it moves very little, so the pen stays in place most of the time

Question 37

What is a seismogram?

Answer 37

The paper that records the vibrations of Earthquakes

Question 38

What does GPS stand for?

Answer 38

The Global Positioning System

Question 39

What does the Global Positioning System measure?

Answer 39

Change in elevation and horizonatal movement

Question 40

The Global Positioning System needs ______ sattelites to work

Answer 40

3

Question 41

What are the four types of earthquake risk?

Answer 41

Shaking, Liquefaction, Aftershocks, and Tsunamis

Question 42

Earth is ________ still A. Never B. Always C. Sometimes D. Ocasionally

Answer 42

A.

Question 43

Most earthquakes begin in the _____ A. Crust B. Lower Mantle C. Asthenosphere D. Lithosphere

Answer 43

D.

Question 44

What is the focus?

Answer 44

The area beneath Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks, causing an earthquake

Question 45

What is the epicenter?

Answer 45

the point on the surface directly above the focus

Question 46

The _________ is above the focus

Answer 46

Epicenter

Question 47

_______ ________ carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus

Answer 47

Seismic Waves

Question 48

What does P-Waves do?

Answer 48

Compress and Expand

Question 49

What does S-Waves do?

Answer 49

Shake the ground back and forth

Question 50

P- Waves can travel through _______ and _______

Answer 50

solids and liquids

Question 51

S-Waves can not travel through __________

Answer 51

liquids

Question 52

What are the 3 Ways sceientists measure Earthquakes?

Answer 52

The Mercalli Scale, The Richter scale, and The Moment Magnitude Scale

Question 53

What is the Slowest type of Seismic Waves

Answer 53

Surface Waves

Question 54

Some surface waves can make the ground ______ A. Break B. Fold C. Bend D. Roll

Answer 54

D.

Question 55

What does the Mercalli Scale do?

Answer 55

It rates earthquakes on a level of damage at a given place

Question 56

What is the highest number on the Mercalli Scale an Earthquake can be?

Answer 56

12

Question 57

What is Earthquakes Magnitude?

Answer 57

A number that geologist assign to an earthquake bases on the earthquakes size

Question 58

What is the Richter Scale?

Answer 58

is a rating of an earthquake's magnitude bases on the size of the earthquakes seismic waves

Question 59

The ____________________ is a rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake

Answer 59

Moment Magnitude Scale

Question 60

What are the 4 instruments that are used to Monitor Faults

Answer 60

Tiltmeters, Creep meters, Laser-Ranging Devices, and GPS satellites

Question 61

What does a tiltmeter measure?

Answer 61

The tilting or raising of the ground

Question 62

What does Creep Meters Measure?

Answer 62

How much the fault has moved

Question 63

What does Laser Ranging devices measure?

Answer 63

Horizontal fault movements

Question 64

What do GPS satellites measure?

Answer 64

Changes in Elevation as well as horizontal movement along faults

Question 65

What are Seismographs and fault monitoring devices data used for?

Answer 65

Data used to map faults and detect changes along faults

Question 66

What is Friction?

Answer 66

is the force that opposes the motioin of one surface as it moves across another surface.

Question 67

Friction exists because __________________ A. Surfaces are not perfectly smooth B. The Continents were once joined together C. Because Earthquakes happen every day D. Because Earth is smooth

Answer 67

A.

Question 68

How do Geologists determine earthquake risk?

Answer 68

By locating where faults are active and where past earthquakes have occurred

Question 69

What does the Mercalli Scale do?

Answer 69

Rate earthquakes according to the level of damage at a given place

Question 70

What is the Richter scale?

Answer 70

a rating of an earthquakes magnitude based on the size of the earthquake's seismic waves

Question 71

What is an Earthquakes Magnitude?

Answer 71

a number that geologiest assign to an earthquakes based on the earthquakes's size

Question 72

What is the Moment Magnitude Scale?

Answer 72

A rating system that estimates the total energy releases by an earthquake

Question 73

When Friction along a fault is Low, the rocks on both sides of the fault______________________ A. Slide by each other without hitting B. Slide by each other and hit each other C. Don't Slide by at all D. None of the Above

Answer 73

A.

Question 74

When Friction is high, the rocks _______________________ A. The rocks arn't near each other and they move B. The rocks lock together and move slowly C. The rocks lock together and do not move D. None of the Above

Answer 74

C.

Question 75

What are the 4 ways Earthquakes cause damage?

Answer 75

Liquefaction, Shaking, Aftershocks, and Tsunamis

Question 76

what is Liquefaction?

Answer 76

When an earthquake's violent shaking suddently turned loose, soft soil into liquid mud

Question 77

What is an Aftershock?

Answer 77

An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area

Question 78

What is a Tsuanami

Answer 78

The water displayed bby the earthquake that forms into a large wave

Question 79

What is the best thing you should do in an earthquake to protect yourself?

Answer 79

Drop, cover, and hold

Question 80

What is a Base-isolated building?

Answer 80

A building/house disigneed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake