Section 1.1 Study Guide

Question 1

What is a Geologist?

Answer 1

A scientist that studies the Earth as well as the processes and history that has shaped it

Question 2

What is Direct Evidence?

Answer 2

Evidence we get from rock samples

Question 3

What is Indirect Evidence?

Answer 3

Evidence that we know something is there, but we do not have evidence that you can see

Question 4

What is Seismic Waves?

Answer 4

Energy/vibrations released from earthquakes

Question 5

What is the Crust?

Answer 5

• The layer of solid rock that includes the Earth as we know it
• Very thin (5-7 Kilometers)
• Dry land on it is mostly granite and the ocean floor is mostly basalt rock
• Is cool, has low pressure, and is solid rock

Question 6

What is the continental crust?

Answer 6

The Crust that formed the continents and is made of rocks such as granite

Question 7

What is the oceanic crust?

Answer 7

The crust beyond the ocean that consists of mainly a rock called Basalt

Question 8

What is the Mantle?

Answer 8

• Hot, but still solid rock
• Has high pressure
• 3 layers: The lithosphere, the asthenosphere, and the lower mantle
• Is 3,000 kilometers thick

Question 9

How does the temperature change as you get closer to the center of the Earth?

Answer 9

As you get closer, the temperature increases slowly, but steadily

Question 10

Does the Pressure increase or decrease as you get closer to the center of the Earth and why?

Answer 10

It increases, because of the weight of the rock above

Question 11

What is the Lithosphere

Answer 11

• Consists of the Crust and The uppermost part of the mantle
• Means Strong/Stone/Hard
• About 100 kilometers thick

Question 12

What is the Asthenosphere?

Answer 12

• About 250 kilometers thick
• Soft and but still solid
• Means Weak
• below the Lithosphere

Question 13

What is the Outer Core?

Answer 13

A layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner core and has high pressure, but is liquid

Question 14

What is the magnetic field?

Answer 14

• it surrounds the planet
• Scientists believe the movement in the liquid outer core creates it

Question 15

Why is it difficult to determine Earths inner structure?

Answer 15

Because of the extreme conditions in Earths interior prevents exploration far below the surface

Question 16

How are seismic waves used to provide evidence about Earth’s interior

Answer 16

When Earthquakes occur, they produce seismic waves and geologist record them and study how they travel through Earth

Question 17

What are Earth’s tree main layers?

Answer 17

The crust, the mantle, and the core

Question 18

What is the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere?

Answer 18

The Lithosphere is hard and rigid while the Asthensophere is less rigid and somewhat soft. The Lithosphere is the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust and the asthenosphere is under the lithosphere

Question 19

is the crust solid, liquid, or solid but able to flow slowly?

Answer 19

Solid

Question 20

is the lithosphere solid, solid but able to flow slowly, or liquid?

Answer 20

solid

Question 21

is the asthenosphere solid, solid but able to flow slowly, or liquid

Answer 21

Solid but able to flow slowly

Question 22

is the lower mantle solid, liquid, or solid but able to flow slowly?

Answer 22

solid

Question 23

is the outer core solid, liquid, or solid but able to flow slowly

Answer 23

liquid

Question 24

is the inner core solid, solid but able to flow slowly, or liquid?

Answer 24

Solid?