Chapters 4 & 5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is a mineral?
A thing that is naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, has a crystal structure, and a definite chemical composition
What does naturally occurring mean?
It has to be formed by a natural process
what does inorganic mean?
It cannot have been part of a living thing
What does having a crystal structure mean?
The particles line up in a repeating pattern
What does having a definite chemical composition mean?
It contains certain elements in definite proporitions
What are the 7 physical properties used t identify minerals?
Color, streak, luster, density, hardness, crystal structure, cleavage and fracture, and special properties
What does it mean if something is solid?
It has a definite volume and shape
Is color a good distinguishing property by itself?
no
Testing a minerals streak can also test the minerals ______
hardness
What is luster?
how light is reflected
What are the 7 types of luster?
metallic, glassy, waxy, greasy, dull, silky, and earthy
Hardness is measured in the _____________
mohs hardness scale
What is cleavage?
splits easily along a flat surface based on how the minerals atoms are arranged
What is fracture?
When a mineral breaks in a irregular way
What are examples of special properties
fluorescence, magnetism, reactivity, and optical properties
What is crystal system?
the shape that the atoms form
____________ rock is softer than other types of rocks
Sedimentary
What are types of sedimentary rock?
Sandstone, breccia, shale, dolomite, limestone, and conglomerate
what are igneous rocks made from?
magma
What are types of igneous rock?
basalt, diorite, granite, felsite, and obsidian
what makes metamorphic rock?
heat and pressure
Igneous Rock is made__________ the surface
below
What is the most common type of igneous?
marble
