Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Flashcards by Ava Silbernagel

Structural Organization of the Body

Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems

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Cells

The fundamental unit of all living things.

Major parts of a cell include:
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum

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Metabolism

Anabolism + Catabolism

All of the chemical reactions that are taking place within our body.

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Anabolism

The building process.

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Catabolism

The break down process.

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Cell Membrane

The barrier that divides and protects what’s inside of the cell.

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Chromosomes

Contain our DNA or our genetic information.

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Cytoplasm

Providing the medium to hold or to suspend cytoplasmic organelles.

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DNA

DNA makes up our genetic composition.

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Cells

Cells are specialized to carry out individual functions.

-Epithelial cell (protective barrier) (skin, digestive tract, and urinary system)
-Fat cell
-Nerve cell
-Muscle cell (involved in locomotion)

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Tissues

-Epithelial tissue
-Muscle tissue
-Connective tissue
-Nerve tissue

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Organs

Different types of tissue combine to form an organ.

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Systems

Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions.

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Adipose Tissue

Fat tissue

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Cartilage

Bony

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Histologist

Specialist in the study of tissues.

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Larynx

Produces voice and contains the vocal cords.

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Pharynx

Throat

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Pituitary gland

Deep inside the brain

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Thyroid gland

In our neck or in our upper chest area.

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Trachea

Windpipe

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Ureter and Urethra

Making up a part of the urinary system.

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Uterus

Part of the female reproductive system.

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Viscera

Internal organs are collectively known as viscera.

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Cranial Cavity

Brain

Thoracic Cavity

Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

Abdominal Cavity

Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Pelvic Cavity

Portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters; uterus and vagina in female.

Spinal Cavity

Nerves of the spinal cord.

Body Cavities

Body cavities are the spaces within the body that contain internal organs (viscera).

Diaphragm

Muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen.

Dorsal

Posterior

Ventral

Anterior, front

Mediastinum

Central cavity within the thorax.

Peritoneum

Cavity that is contained within the abdominal cavity.

Pluera

Double layered membrane structure surrounding the lungs on each side.

Pleural Cavity

Part of the pluera

Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants (9)

- Right hypochondriac region - Left hypochondriac region - Epigastric region - Right lumbar region - Left lumbar region - Umbilical region - Right inguinal region (Right iliac region) - Left inguinal region (Left iliac region) - Hypogastric region

Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants

Quadrants: - Right upper quadrant (RUQ) - Left upper quadrant (LUQ) - Right lower quadrant (RLQ) - Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Anatomical Divisions of the Back

-Cervial - Thoracic - Lumbar - Sacral - Coccygeal

Related Terms of the Back:

- Vertebra - Vertebrae - Spinal column - Spinal cord - Disk (disc) (absorbs and is compression for the spinal cord)

Positional and Directional Terms

- Anterior (ventral) in front - Posterior (dorsal) the back - Deep, inside - Superficial, outside - Proximal, closer to the point of attachment - Distal, farther away from the point of attachment - Inferior, pointing towards the bottom - Superior, pointing toward the top - Medial, closer to the center - Lateral, farther away from the center - Supine, laying on your back - Prone, laying on your belly

Planes of the Body

- Frontal (coronal) - Sagittal (lateral) - Transverse (cross-sectional or axial)

Abdomin/o

Abdomen

Adip/o

Fat

Anter/o

Front

Bol/o

To cast (throw)

Cervic/o

Neck (of the body or uterus)

Chondr/o

Cartilage

Chrom/o

Color

Coccyg/o

Coccyx (tailbone)

Crani/o

Skull

Cyt/o

Cell

Dist/o

Far, distant

Dors/o

Back portion of the body

Hist/o, histi/o

Tissue

ili/o

Ilium (of the pelvic bone)

inguin/o

Groin

Kary/o

Nucleus

Later/o

Side

Lumb/o

Lower back

Medi/o

Middle

Nucle/o

Nucleus

Pelv/i

Pelvis

Poster/o

Back, behind

Proxim/o

Nearest

Sacr/o

Sacrum

Sarc/o

Flesh

Spin/o

Spine, backbone

Thel/o, theli/o

Nipple

Thorac/o

Chest

Trache/o

Trachea, windpipe

Umbilic/o

Navel, umbilicus

Ventr/o

Belly side of the body

Vertebr/o

Vertebra(e), backbone(s)

Viscer/o

Internal organs

Ana-

Cata-

Down

Epi-

Above

Hypo-

Below

Inter-

Between

Meta-

Change

-eal

Pertaining to

-iac

Pertaining to

-ior

Pertaining to

-ism

Process, condition

-ose

Pertaining to, full of

-plasm

Formation

-somes

Bodies

-type

Picture, classification

Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Flashcards

(90 cards)