Chapter 2. Terms Relating to the Body as a Whole

Question 0

catabolism

Answer 0

cata- down bol to cast -ism process

Complex nutrients broke down into simpler substance. Energy is released.

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

ana- up bol to cast -ism process.

Building up large proteins from small protein call amino acids.

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

structure surrounding cell

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

rod shaped structures containing DNA called genes. There are 23 pairs(46) chromosomes in every cell except egg and sperm.

Question 4

cytoplasm

Answer 4

Material that is outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane.

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Chemical found within each chromosome.

Question 6

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Network of canals within cytoplasm of the cell. Anabolism occurs here.

Question 7

genes

Answer 7

regions of DNA

Question 8

metabolism

Answer 8

meta- change bol to cast -ism process.

Total chemical process in a cell.

Question 9

mitochondria

Answer 9

Structures in cytoplasm that provide principle source of energy. Catabolism occurs here.

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

Control center of the cell.

Question 11

Name the organs of the digestive system.

Answer 11

Mouth, pharynx(throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.

Question 12

Give another name and list the organs of the urinary system.

Answer 12

Excretory System

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and the urethra.

Question 13

Name the organs of the respiratory system.

Answer 13

Nose, pharynx, larynx(voicebox), trachea, bronchial tubes, and the lungs.

Question 14

Name the organs of the female reproductive system.

Answer 14

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands( breasts)

Question 15

Name the organs of the male reproductive system.

Answer 15

Testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, and prostate gland.

Question 16

Name the organs of the endocrine system.

Answer 16

Thyroid gland, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, pancreas, and parathyroid glands.

Question 17

Name the organs of the nervous system.

Answer 17

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves.

Question 18

Name the organs of the circulatory system.

Answer 18

Heart, blood vessels(arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, and thymus gland.

Question 19

Name the organs of the musculoskeletal system.

Answer 19

Muscles, bones, and joints.

Question 20

What are the skin and sense organs?

Answer 20

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous(oil) glands, eye, ear, nose and tongue.

Question 21

What are the 5 cavities of the body?

Answer 21

Cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, and spinal.

Dorsal: cranial and spinal

Question 22

What are the two smaller cavities of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 22

Pleural cavity and mediastinum.

Pleural- space between the membrane folds(pleura) surrounding the lungs.

Mediastinum- outside of and between the lungs. remaining organs are here.

Question 23

Where is the cranial cavity?

Answer 23

In thehead. Contains brain and the pituitary gland.

Question 24

Where is the thoracic cavity?

Answer 24

Chest. Contains: lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, and aorta.

Question 25

Where is the abdominal cavity?

Answer 25

Below the chest. Stomach, small and large intestine, spleen, pancreas, liver and gall bladder.

Question 26

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 26

Divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

Question 27

What is in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 27

Portions of the large and small intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in female.

Question 28

What makes up the spinal cavity?

Answer 28

Nerves of the spinal cord.

Question 29

dorsal or posterior

Answer 29

pertaining to the back

Question 30

ventral or anterior

Answer 30

pertaining to the front

Question 31

Name the four quadrants.

Answer 31

right upper quadrant (RUQ) left upper quadrant (LUQ) right lower quadrant (RLQ) left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Question 32

hypochondriac region

Answer 32

right and left upper regions beneath ribs

Question 33

epigastric

Answer 33

middle upper region above stomach

Question 34

lumbar

Answer 34

right and left middle regions near the waist.

Question 35

umbilical

Answer 35

Central region near the naval.

Question 36

inguinal

Answer 36

right and left lower regions bear groin. iliac region

Question 37

hypogastric

Answer 37

middle lower region below umbilical region.

Question 38

deep

Answer 38

Away from the surface.

Question 39

distal

Answer 39

far from the point of attachment.

Question 40

frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 40

vertical plane dividing body into anterior and posterior. (front and back)

Question 41

inferior

Answer 41

below another structure, pertaining to tail or lower portion of body.

Question 42

lateral

Answer 42

pertaining to the side

Question 43

medial

Answer 43

pertaining to the middle.

Question 44

prone

Answer 44

laying on the belly. face down, palms down.

Question 45

proximal

Answer 45

near the point of attachment.

Question 46

sagittal plane

Answer 46

vertical line dividing body into right and left sides.

Question 47

superficial

Answer 47

on the surface

Question 48

superior

Answer 48

above another structure, pertaining to the head.

Question 49

supine

Answer 49

laying in the back, face up, palms up

Question 50

transverse plane

Answer 50

horizontal plane dividing body into lower and upper portion.

Question 51

abdomin/o

Answer 51

abdomen abdominal

Question 52

adip/o

Answer 52

fat adipose

Question 53

anter/o

Answer 53

front anterior

Question 54

bol/o

Answer 54

to cast (throw) anabolism

Question 55

cervic/o

Answer 55

neck( of the body or of the uterus) cervical

Question 56

chondr/o

Answer 56

cartilage (connective tissue) chondroma

Question 57

chrom/o

Answer 57

color chromosomes

Question 58

coccyg/o

Answer 58

coccyx (tailbone) coccygeal

Question 59

crani/o

Answer 59

skull craniotomy

Question 60

cyt/o

Answer 60

cell cytoplasm

Question 61

dist/o

Answer 61

far, distant distal

Question 62

dorso/o

Answer 62

back portion of body dorsal

Question 63

hist/o

Answer 63

tissue histology

Question 64

ili/o

Answer 64

ilium (part of pelvic bone) iliac

Question 65

inguin/o

Answer 65

groin inguinal

Question 66

kary/o

Answer 66

nucleus karyotype

Question 67

later/o

Answer 67

side lateral

Question 68

lumb/o

Answer 68

lower back lumbosacral

Question 69

medi/o

Answer 69

middle medial

Question 70

nucle/o

Answer 70

nucleus nucleic

Question 71

pelv/i

Answer 71

pelvis, hip region pelvic

Question 72

poster/o

Answer 72

back, behind posterior

Question 73

proxim/o

Answer 73

nearest proximal

Question 74

sacr/o

Answer 74

sacrum sacral

Question 75

sarc/o

Answer 75

flesh sarcoma

Question 76

spin/o

Answer 76

spine, backbone spinal

Question 77

thel/o theli/o

Answer 77

nipple epithelial cell

Question 78

thorac/o

Answer 78

chest thoracic

Question 79

trache/o

Answer 79

trachea, windpipe tracheal

Question 80

umbilic/o

Answer 80

naval, umbilicus umbilical

Question 81

ventr/o

Answer 81

belly side of the body ventral

Question 82

vertebr/o

Answer 82

vertebra(e), backbone(s) vertebral

Question 83

viscer/o

Answer 83

internal organs visceral

Question 84

ana-

Answer 84

up anabolic

Question 85

cata-

Answer 85

down catabolism

Question 86

epi-

Answer 86

above epigastric

Question 87

hypo-

Answer 87

below hypochondriac region

Question 88

inter-

Answer 88

between intervertebral

Question 89

meta-

Answer 89

change metabolism

Question 90

-eal -iac -ior

Answer 90

pertaining to

Question 91

-ism

Answer 91

process, conditon catabolism

Question 92

-ose

Answer 92

pertaining to, full of adiose

Question 93

-plasm

Answer 93

formation cytoplasm

Question 94

-somes

Answer 94

bodies chromosomes

Question 95

-type

Answer 95

picture, classification karyotype