chapter 20

Question 1

An exaggerated immune response to any substance

Answer 1

Allergic reaction

Question 2

Substance made by the body: released in anaphylaxis

Answer 2

Leukotrienes

Question 3

High-pitched, whistling breath sound usually resulting from blockage of the airway and typically heard on expiration

Answer 3

Wheezing

Question 4

Multiple raised areas on the skin that itch or burn

Answer 4

Urticaria

Question 5

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound, usually resulting from upper airway obstruction

Answer 5

Stridor

Question 6

Substance that causes an allergic reaction

Answer 6

Allergen

Question 7

Raised, swollen area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction

Answer 7

Wheal

Question 8

A poison or harmful substance

Answer 8

Toxin

Question 9

Steps for assisting a patient with administration of an EoiPen include:

Answer 9

taking body substance isolation precautions

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the five common allergen categories?

Answer 10

Environments

Question 11

Anaphylaxis is not always life threatening, but it typically involves:

Answer 11

multiple organ systems

Question 12

Signs and symptoms of insect stings or bites include all of the following, EXECPT:

• swelling
• ecchymosis
• localized heat
• wheals

Answer 12

ecchymosis

Question 13

Prolonged respiratory difficulty can cause______,shock, and even death.

Answer 13

tachycardia

Question 14

Speed is essential because in sever cases of anaphylaxis, _____ can occur rapidly

Answer 14

death

Question 15

Questions to ask when obtaining a history from a patient appearing to have an allergic reaction include:

Answer 15

How the patient was exposed

Question 16

The dosage of epinephrine in an adult EpiPen is:

Answer 16

0.30mg

Question 17

Epinephrine, whether made by the body or by a drug manufacturer, work rapidly to:

Answer 17

relieve bronchospasm

Question 18

Because the stinger of the honeybee is barbed and remains in the wound, it can continue to inject venom for up to:

Answer 18

20 minutes

Question 19

You should not use tweezers or forceps to remove an embedded stinger because:

Answer 19

squeezing may cause the stinger to inject more venom into the wound

Question 20

Your assessment of the patient experiencing an allergic reaction should include evaluations of all of the following EXCEPT the:

• respiratory system
• circulatory system
• skin
• reproductive system

Answer 20

reproductive system

Question 21

Eating certain foods, such as shellfish or nuts, may result in a relatively_______reaction that still can be quite severe

Answer 21

slow

Question 22

In dealing with allergy-related emergencies, you must be aware of the possibility of acute______and cardiovascular collapse

Answer 22

airway obstruction

Question 23

Wheezing occurs because excessive______and mucus are secreted into the bronchial passages

Answer 23

fluid

Question 24

allergic reactions can occur in response to almost any substance

Answer 24

True

Question 25

An allergic reaction occurs when the body has an immune response to a substance

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Wheezing is a high-pitched breath sounds, usually resulting from blockage of the airway, and is heard on expiration

Answer 26

False

Question 27

For a patient appearing to have an allergic reaction, give 100% oxygen via nasal cannula

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Wheezing, a high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is typically heard on______

Answer 28

expiration

Question 29

Small areas of generalized itching or burning that appear as multiple, small, raised areas on the skin are called______

Answer 29

Urticaria

Question 30

The stinger of the honeybee is ______so the bee cannot withdraw it

Answer 30

barbed

Question 31

a reaction involving the entire body is called_______

Answer 31

anaphylaxis

Question 32

The presence of ______ or respiratory distress indicates that the patient is having sever enough allergic reaction to lead to death

Answer 32

hypo perfusion

Question 33

Epinephrine inhibits the allergic reaction by constricting the ___ ____

Answer 33

blood vessels

Question 34

Your ability to recognize and manage the many signs and symptoms of allergic reactions may be the only thing standing between a patient and ____ _____

Answer 34

imminent death

Question 35

Substances released by the immune system that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as vasodilation

Answer 35

histamines

Question 36

Small spots of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin

Answer 36

urticaria

Question 37

The______ system includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease-causing agents

Answer 37

immune

Question 38

a poison or harmful substance

Answer 38

toxin

Question 39

a raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction

Answer 39

wheal

Question 40

chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis

Answer 40

leukotrienes

Question 41

a harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway

Answer 41

stridor

Question 42

a substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline) and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increase pulse rate and blood pressure

Answer 42

epinephrine

Question 43

the study of the bodys immune system

Answer 43

immunology

Question 44

the act of injecting venom

Answer 44

envenomation

Question 45

An extreme, life-threating systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

Answer 45

anaphylaxis

Question 46

substances that cause an allergic reaction

Answer 46

allergens

Question 47

what's the proper dose of an EpiPen for a child

Answer 47

0.15mg

Question 48

List the common side effects of epinephrine

Answer 48

increased blood pressure, tachycardia, pallo, dizziness, chest pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, sweating, and palpitations

Question 49

What are five stimuli that most often cause allergic reaction?

Answer 49

1. insect bites and stings 2. medications 3. plants 4. food 5. chemicals

Question 50

What are the steps for administering or assisting with administration of an EpiPen?

Answer 50

1. obtain and order from medical control (or follow protocol or standing orders) 2. follow standard precautions 3. make sure the medication was prescribed for patient 4. check for discoloration or expiration of medication 5. remove the cap and wipe the thigh with alcohol if possible 6. place the tip of the auto-injector against the lateral part of the thigh 7. push firmly until activation 8. hold the auto-injector in place until the medication is injected(10 seconds) 9. remove and dispose 10. rub area for 10 seconds 11. record time and dose 12. reassess and record patients vitals 13. consider an additional adminstration (if possible) in 5 minutes if symptoms do not improve

Question 51

What are the common respiratory and circulatory signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction?

Answer 51

Respiratory- shortness of breath(dysnea); sneezing or itchy, runny nose; chest or throat tightness; dry cough; hoarseness; rapid, noisy, or labored respirations; wheezing and/or stridor Circulatory-Decreased blood pressure (hypertension), increased pulse(tachycardia),pale skin, loss of consciouness and coma

Question 52

As you begin to assess a patient suspected of anaphylaxis shock, which of these steps would be done first?

Answer 52

assess and treat for life threats

Question 53

After assisting with an EpiPen, what is the first thing that should be done?

Answer 53

Place the used EpiPen in a biohazard container

Question 54

When using the EpiPen auto-injector, do all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 54

place ice over the injection site

Question 55

What does the "M" stand for SAMPLE?

Answer 55

Medications-what medications is the patient currently taking?

Question 56

What does the "P" stand for in SAMPLE?

Answer 56

Past pertinent history