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EMT 19-23 > chapter 19 > Flashcards

chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical produced by a gland that regulates body organs

A

Hormone

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2
Q

Inherited disease that affects red blood cells

A

Sickle cell disease

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3
Q

Diabetes that usually starts in childhood; requires insulin

A

Type 1 diabetes

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4
Q

Pathologic condition resulting from the accumulation of acids in the body

A

Acidosis

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5
Q

Hormone that enables glucose to enter the cells

A

Insuline

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6
Q

State of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration, and hyperglycemia

A

Symptomatic hyperglycemia

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7
Q

Excessive urination

A

Polyuria

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8
Q

A tendency to develop blood clots

A

Thrombophilia

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9
Q

Excessive eating

A

Polyphagia

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10
Q

The study of blood-related diseases

A

Hematology

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11
Q

Primary fuel, along with oxygen, for cellular metabolism

A

Glucose

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12
Q

Deep, rapid breathing

A

Kussmaul respirations

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13
Q

Extremely high blood glucose level

A

Hyperglycemia

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14
Q

Metabolic disorders in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates is imparied

A

Diabetes mellitus

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15
Q

Excessive thirst persisting for a long period of time

A

Polydipsia

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16
Q

Disorder that causes an inability to develop blood clots

A

Hemophilia

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17
Q

Diabetes with onset later in life; may be controlled by diet and oral medication

A

Type 2 diabetes

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18
Q

When the body’s cells do not receive the glucose they require, the body resorts to burning _________ for energy

A

fat

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19
Q

normal blood glucose levels range from _______ mg/dL

A

80 to 120

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20
Q

A sickle cell-related issue that results in unintentional clot formation is know as a(n):

A

Vasoocclusive crisis

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21
Q

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which the hormone _________ is missing or ineffecitve

A

Insuline

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22
Q

Emergency care of a patient with hematologic disorder includes all of the following EXECPT:

  • rapid transport for patients with an altered mental status.
  • providing supportive and symptomatic care.
  • oxygen at 4 L/min for patients with inadequate breathing.
  • placing patients in a position of comfort.
A

oxygen at 4 L/min for patients with inadequate breathing

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23
Q

The accumulation of ketones and fatty acids in blood tissue can lead to a dangerous condition in diabetic patients known as:

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

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24
Q

The term for excessive eating as a result of cellular “hunger” is:

A

Polyphagia

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25
Q

Insulin is produced by the:

A

Pancreas

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26
Q

The patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) will generally have a fingerstick glucose level higher than:

A

400 mg/dL

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27
Q

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

A

Liver

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28
Q

The sweet or fruity odor on the breath of a patient is commonly found in what condition?

A

Hyperglycemia

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29
Q

What condition increases a patient’s risk for developing thrombophilia

A

Cancer

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30
Q

Oral diabetic medications do NOT include:

  • micronase
  • glucotrol
  • januvia
  • insulin
A

Insulin

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31
Q

Which of the following is a contraindication to the administration of oral glucose?

A

Inability to swallow

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32
Q

_______ is the hormone that is normally produced by the pancreas that enables glucose to enter the cells

A

Insulin

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33
Q

The term for excessive urination is:

A

Polyuria

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34
Q

When fat is used as an immediate energy source, _______ and fatty acids are formed as waste products.

A

Ketones

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35
Q

An African American patient complaining of severe, generalized pain may have undiagnosed:

A

Sickle cell disease

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36
Q

The onset of hypoglycemia can occur within:

A

Minutes

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37
Q

Without______, or with very low levels, brain cells rapidly suffer permanent damage

A

Glucose

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38
Q

_______ is/are a potentially life-threatening complication of hypoglycemia

A

Seizures

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39
Q

Blood glucose levels are measured in:

A

Miligrams per deciliter

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40
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis may develop as a result of:

A

Too little insulin

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41
Q

Always suspect hypoglycemia in any patient with:

A

An altered mental status

42
Q

The most important step in caring for the unresponsive diabetic patient is to:

A

Open the airway

43
Q

Determination of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia should be:

A

Based on your knowledge of the signs and symptoms of each condition

44
Q

When obtaining the medical history of a patient experiencing a sickle cell crisis, you should:

A

ask the patient about recent illnesses or stress

45
Q

a DVT is a worrisome risk for patients who have had:

A

Joint replacement surgery

46
Q

When reassessing the diabetic patient after administration of oral glucose, watch for all of the following EXCEPT:

  • airway problems
  • seizures
  • sudden loss of consciousness
  • joint pain
A

Joint pain

47
Q

Signs and symptoms associated with hypoglycemia include:

A

Anxious or combative behavior

48
Q

Hospital interventions for hemophilia may include all of the following EXECPT:

  • blood transfusions
  • analgesics for pain
  • intraveneous (IV) therapy
  • decontamination
A

Decontamination

49
Q

Because hyperglycemia is a complex metabolic condition that usually develops over the time and involves all of the tissue of the body, correcting this condition may:

A

take many hours in a hospital setting

50
Q

A patient with hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia may appear to be:

A

intoxicated

51
Q

When patients use fat for energy, the fat waste products increase the amount of acid in the blood and tissue.

A

True

52
Q

The glucose of a neonate patient should be above 70 mg/dL

A

False

53
Q

The life span of a normal red blood cell is approximately 50 to 75 days

A

False

54
Q

If blood glucose levels remain low, a patient may lose consciousness or have permanent brain damage

A

True

55
Q

Higher glucose levels in the blood cause the excretion of glucose in urine

A

True

56
Q

People with hemophilia A have an increased ability to create a clot after an injury

A

False

57
Q

Diabetic emergencies can occur when a patient’s blood glucose level gets to high or drops too low

A

True

58
Q

Diabetic patients may require insulin to control their blood glucose

A

True

59
Q

Insulin is one of the basic sugars essential for cell metabolism in humans

A

False

60
Q

A clot that forms deep in a vein is called an aplastic crisis

A

False

61
Q

Diabetes can cause kidney failure, blindness, and damage to blood vessels

A

True

62
Q

Most children with diabetes are insulin dependent

A

True

63
Q

Within the red blood cells, leukocytes are responsible for carrying oxygen

A

False

64
Q

Many adults with diabetes can control their blood glucose levels with diet alone

A

True

65
Q

The full name of diabetes is _____ _____.

A

diabetes mellitus

66
Q

_______is a general term for many different conditions that result in the blood clotting more easily then normal.

A

Thrombophilia

67
Q

Type 1 diabetes is considered to be a (n)______problem, in which the body becomes allergic to its own tissues and literally destroys them

A

Autoimmune

68
Q

An African American patient or any patient of ______ descent who complains of severe pain may have undiagnosed____ ____ disease.

A

Mediterranean, sickle cell

69
Q

Diabetes is defined as a lack of or_______ action of insulin

A

impaired

70
Q

In_______, the patient cannot drink enough fluid to keep up with the exceedingly high glucose levels in blood

A

HHNS(hyper-osmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome

71
Q

_____ is the study and prevention of blood-______disease

A

Hematology, related

72
Q

a patient with hypoglycemia needs_____ immediately, and a patient with hyperglycemia needs_____ and IV fluid therapy

A

sugar, insulin

73
Q

A tendency to develop blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the coagulation system

A

Thrombophilia

74
Q

the passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period

A

polyuria

75
Q

The study and prevention of blood-related disorders

A

hematology

76
Q

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body are known as _____glands

A

endocrine

77
Q

______mellitus is a metabolic disorders in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates is impaired

A

diabetes

78
Q

excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake

A

polydipsia

79
Q

______ diabetes typically develops in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications

A

Type two

80
Q

a hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells

A

Insulin hormone

81
Q

A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body

A

Acidosis

82
Q

The primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism

A

Glucose

83
Q

______diabetes typically develops in childhood and requires synthetic insulin for proper treatment and control

A

Type one

84
Q

a chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues

A

Hormone

85
Q

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

A

DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)

86
Q

1.During your rapid full-body scan, you discover a medical alert necklace around his neck that reads “Type 1 Diabetic.” This tells you that he most likely:

A

produces inadequate amounts of insulin

87
Q

2.His blood glucose level is 65 mg/dL. You:

A

suspect hypoglycemia and proceed to give oral glucose

88
Q
  1. The patient loses consciousness and a second blood glucose level reads 48mg/dL, how should do all of the following EXECPT:
    - call for, or rendezvous with, an ALS unit
    - ensure a patent airway
    - providing high-flow oxygen
    - give oral glucose
A

give oral glucose

89
Q

4.Because the patient is unconscious and his blood glucose levels is 48mg/dL, how should the glucose be delivered?

A

You should not deliver oral glucose

90
Q

What is insulin, and what is its role in metabolism?

A

Insulin is a hormone that enables glucose to enter the cells, which is essential for cellular metabolism

91
Q

What are the preparations of commercially available oral glucose?

A
  1. dissolving gel
  2. chewable tablet
  3. liquid
92
Q

What two basic complications are caused by the shape of the red blood cells in people with sickle cell disease?

A

Due to the oblong shape of the red blood cells, they are poor oxygen carriers and can become lodged in blood vessels and organs

93
Q

When should you not give oral glucose to a patient experiencing a suspected diabetic emergency?

A

A patient who is unconscious or unable to swallow should not be given oral glucose

94
Q

How can thrombophilia lead to a pulmonary embolism?

A

A patient with thrombophilia has a tendency to develop clots in the blood vessels. These clots can travel through the circulatory system and become lodged in the lungs, obstructing blood flow and oxygen exchange

95
Q

List at least four key signs and symptoms of HHNS.

A
  1. hyperglycemia
  2. altered mental status, drowsiness, lethargy
  3. sever dehydration, thirst, dark urine
  4. visual or sensory
  5. partial paralysis or muscle weakness
  6. seizures
96
Q

When taking a history on a patient with known diabetes, what questions should be asked?

A
  1. do you take insulin or any pills that lower your blood sugar?
  2. do you wear an insulin pump? is it working properly?
  3. have you taken your usual dose of insulin(or pills) today?
  4. have you eaten normally today?
  5. have you had any illness, unusual amount of activity or stress
97
Q

If a diabetic patient was “fine” two hours ago and now is unconscious and unresponsive, which diabetes-related condition would you suspect and why?

A

Hypoglycemia, it develops rapidly as opposed to hyperglycemia, which takes longer to develop

98
Q

What two hormones does the pancreas store that store and play major roles in glucose metabolism?

A

Glucagon and Insulin

99
Q

a small portion of the pancreas is filled with islets of Langerhans (regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine cells), within these islets are alpha and beta cells, which is which?

A

Alpha cells produce glucagon and Beta cells produce insulin

100
Q

What are the four components blood is made up of?

A
  • Erythrocytes( red blood cells)
  • Leukocytes (white blood cells)
  • platelets
  • plasma
101
Q

what’s the percentage of RBCs/WBCs/and platelets that make up a persons total blood cell volume?

A

RBCs-42%-47%, carry am important protein, hemoglobin, carries 97% of the O2 in the blood and some of the CO2
WBCs-0.1%-0.2%
Platelets-4%-7% (essential for clot formation)

102
Q

Whats plasmas job

A

Serves as the transportation media for all of the blood components as well as protein and minerals

EMT 19-23 (6 decks)

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