chapter 19 Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Chemical produced by a gland that regulates body organs
A
Hormone
2
Q
Inherited disease that affects red blood cells
A
Sickle cell disease
3
Q
Diabetes that usually starts in childhood; requires insulin
A
Type 1 diabetes
4
Q
Pathologic condition resulting from the accumulation of acids in the body
A
Acidosis
5
Q
Hormone that enables glucose to enter the cells
A
Insuline
6
Q
State of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration, and hyperglycemia
A
Symptomatic hyperglycemia
7
Q
Excessive urination
A
Polyuria
8
Q
A tendency to develop blood clots
A
Thrombophilia
9
Q
Excessive eating
A
Polyphagia
10
Q
The study of blood-related diseases
A
Hematology
11
Q
Primary fuel, along with oxygen, for cellular metabolism
A
Glucose
12
Q
Deep, rapid breathing
A
Kussmaul respirations
13
Q
Extremely high blood glucose level
A
Hyperglycemia
14
Q
Metabolic disorders in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates is imparied
A
Diabetes mellitus
15
Q
Excessive thirst persisting for a long period of time
A
Polydipsia
16
Q
Disorder that causes an inability to develop blood clots
A
Hemophilia
17
Q
Diabetes with onset later in life; may be controlled by diet and oral medication
A
Type 2 diabetes
18
Q
When the body’s cells do not receive the glucose they require, the body resorts to burning _________ for energy
A
fat
19
Q
normal blood glucose levels range from _______ mg/dL
A
80 to 120
20
Q
A sickle cell-related issue that results in unintentional clot formation is know as a(n):
A
Vasoocclusive crisis
21
Q
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which the hormone _________ is missing or ineffecitve
A
Insuline
22
Q
Emergency care of a patient with hematologic disorder includes all of the following EXECPT:
- rapid transport for patients with an altered mental status.
- providing supportive and symptomatic care.
- oxygen at 4 L/min for patients with inadequate breathing.
- placing patients in a position of comfort.
A
oxygen at 4 L/min for patients with inadequate breathing
23
Q
The accumulation of ketones and fatty acids in blood tissue can lead to a dangerous condition in diabetic patients known as:
A
Diabetic ketoacidosis
24
Q
The term for excessive eating as a result of cellular “hunger” is:
A
Polyphagia
25
Insulin is produced by the:
Pancreas
26
The patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) will generally have a fingerstick glucose level higher than:
400 mg/dL
27
Where is glycogen stored in the body?
Liver
28
The sweet or fruity odor on the breath of a patient is commonly found in what condition?
Hyperglycemia
29
What condition increases a patient's risk for developing thrombophilia
Cancer
30
Oral diabetic medications do NOT include:
- micronase
- glucotrol
- januvia
- insulin
Insulin
31
Which of the following is a contraindication to the administration of oral glucose?
Inability to swallow
32
_______ is the hormone that is normally produced by the pancreas that enables glucose to enter the cells
Insulin
33
The term for excessive urination is:
Polyuria
34
When fat is used as an immediate energy source, _______ and fatty acids are formed as waste products.
Ketones
35
An African American patient complaining of severe, generalized pain may have undiagnosed:
Sickle cell disease
36
The onset of hypoglycemia can occur within:
Minutes
37
Without______, or with very low levels, brain cells rapidly suffer permanent damage
Glucose
38
_______ is/are a potentially life-threatening complication of hypoglycemia
Seizures
39
Blood glucose levels are measured in:
Miligrams per deciliter
40
Diabetic ketoacidosis may develop as a result of:
Too little insulin
41
Always suspect hypoglycemia in any patient with:
An altered mental status
42
The most important step in caring for the unresponsive diabetic patient is to:
Open the airway
43
Determination of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia should be:
Based on your knowledge of the signs and symptoms of each condition
44
When obtaining the medical history of a patient experiencing a sickle cell crisis, you should:
ask the patient about recent illnesses or stress
45
a DVT is a worrisome risk for patients who have had:
Joint replacement surgery
46
When reassessing the diabetic patient after administration of oral glucose, watch for all of the following EXCEPT:
- airway problems
- seizures
- sudden loss of consciousness
- joint pain
Joint pain
47
Signs and symptoms associated with hypoglycemia include:
Anxious or combative behavior
48
Hospital interventions for hemophilia may include all of the following EXECPT:
- blood transfusions
- analgesics for pain
- intraveneous (IV) therapy
- decontamination
Decontamination
49
Because hyperglycemia is a complex metabolic condition that usually develops over the time and involves all of the tissue of the body, correcting this condition may:
take many hours in a hospital setting
50
A patient with hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia may appear to be:
intoxicated
51
When patients use fat for energy, the fat waste products increase the amount of acid in the blood and tissue.
True
52
The glucose of a neonate patient should be above 70 mg/dL
False
53
The life span of a normal red blood cell is approximately 50 to 75 days
False
54
If blood glucose levels remain low, a patient may lose consciousness or have permanent brain damage
True
55
Higher glucose levels in the blood cause the excretion of glucose in urine
True
56
People with hemophilia A have an increased ability to create a clot after an injury
False
57
Diabetic emergencies can occur when a patient's blood glucose level gets to high or drops too low
True
58
Diabetic patients may require insulin to control their blood glucose
True
59
Insulin is one of the basic sugars essential for cell metabolism in humans
False
60
A clot that forms deep in a vein is called an aplastic crisis
False
61
Diabetes can cause kidney failure, blindness, and damage to blood vessels
True
62
Most children with diabetes are insulin dependent
True
63
Within the red blood cells, leukocytes are responsible for carrying oxygen
False
64
Many adults with diabetes can control their blood glucose levels with diet alone
True
65
The full name of diabetes is _____ _____.
diabetes mellitus
66
_______is a general term for many different conditions that result in the blood clotting more easily then normal.
Thrombophilia
67
Type 1 diabetes is considered to be a (n)______problem, in which the body becomes allergic to its own tissues and literally destroys them
Autoimmune
68
An African American patient or any patient of ______ descent who complains of severe pain may have undiagnosed____ ____ disease.
Mediterranean, sickle cell
69
Diabetes is defined as a lack of or_______ action of insulin
impaired
70
In_______, the patient cannot drink enough fluid to keep up with the exceedingly high glucose levels in blood
HHNS(hyper-osmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome
71
_____ is the study and prevention of blood-______disease
Hematology, related
72
a patient with hypoglycemia needs_____ immediately, and a patient with hyperglycemia needs_____ and IV fluid therapy
sugar, insulin
73
A tendency to develop blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the coagulation system
Thrombophilia
74
the passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period
polyuria
75
The study and prevention of blood-related disorders
hematology
76
Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body are known as _____glands
endocrine
77
______mellitus is a metabolic disorders in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates is impaired
diabetes
78
excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake
polydipsia
79
______ diabetes typically develops in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications
Type two
80
a hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells
Insulin hormone
81
A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body
Acidosis
82
The primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism
Glucose
83
______diabetes typically develops in childhood and requires synthetic insulin for proper treatment and control
Type one
84
a chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues
Hormone
85
A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)
86
1.During your rapid full-body scan, you discover a medical alert necklace around his neck that reads "Type 1 Diabetic." This tells you that he most likely:
produces inadequate amounts of insulin
87
2.His blood glucose level is 65 mg/dL. You:
suspect hypoglycemia and proceed to give oral glucose
88
3. The patient loses consciousness and a second blood glucose level reads 48mg/dL, how should do all of the following EXECPT:
- call for, or rendezvous with, an ALS unit
- ensure a patent airway
- providing high-flow oxygen
- give oral glucose
give oral glucose
89
4.Because the patient is unconscious and his blood glucose levels is 48mg/dL, how should the glucose be delivered?
You should not deliver oral glucose
90
What is insulin, and what is its role in metabolism?
Insulin is a hormone that enables glucose to enter the cells, which is essential for cellular metabolism
91
What are the preparations of commercially available oral glucose?
1. dissolving gel
2. chewable tablet
3. liquid
92
What two basic complications are caused by the shape of the red blood cells in people with sickle cell disease?
Due to the oblong shape of the red blood cells, they are poor oxygen carriers and can become lodged in blood vessels and organs
93
When should you not give oral glucose to a patient experiencing a suspected diabetic emergency?
A patient who is unconscious or unable to swallow should not be given oral glucose
94
How can thrombophilia lead to a pulmonary embolism?
A patient with thrombophilia has a tendency to develop clots in the blood vessels. These clots can travel through the circulatory system and become lodged in the lungs, obstructing blood flow and oxygen exchange
95
List at least four key signs and symptoms of HHNS.
1. hyperglycemia
2. altered mental status, drowsiness, lethargy
3. sever dehydration, thirst, dark urine
4. visual or sensory
5. partial paralysis or muscle weakness
6. seizures
96
When taking a history on a patient with known diabetes, what questions should be asked?
1. do you take insulin or any pills that lower your blood sugar?
2. do you wear an insulin pump? is it working properly?
3. have you taken your usual dose of insulin(or pills) today?
4. have you eaten normally today?
5. have you had any illness, unusual amount of activity or stress
97
If a diabetic patient was "fine" two hours ago and now is unconscious and unresponsive, which diabetes-related condition would you suspect and why?
Hypoglycemia, it develops rapidly as opposed to hyperglycemia, which takes longer to develop
98
What two hormones does the pancreas store that store and play major roles in glucose metabolism?
Glucagon and Insulin
99
a small portion of the pancreas is filled with islets of Langerhans (regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine cells), within these islets are alpha and beta cells, which is which?
Alpha cells produce glucagon and Beta cells produce insulin
100
What are the four components blood is made up of?
- Erythrocytes( red blood cells)
- Leukocytes (white blood cells)
- platelets
- plasma
101
what's the percentage of RBCs/WBCs/and platelets that make up a persons total blood cell volume?
RBCs-42%-47%, carry am important protein, hemoglobin, carries 97% of the O2 in the blood and some of the CO2
WBCs-0.1%-0.2%
Platelets-4%-7% (essential for clot formation)
102
Whats plasmas job
Serves as the transportation media for all of the blood components as well as protein and minerals
