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NUR 180 Pathophysiology > Chapter 20 Hormonal Regulation > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Hormonal Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Hormonal alterations is caused by

A

Inappropriate amounts of hormone delivered to target cell

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2
Q

Feedback system

A
  • Hypothalamus releases hormone 1 to anterior pituitary
  • Anterior pituitary releases hormone 2
  • Target gland releases hormone 3 to stop hormone 1 and 2 secretion
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3
Q

Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones

A
  • TRH
  • CRH
  • GnRH
  • GHRH
  • PIF
  • PRF
  • Substance P
  • Somatostatin
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4
Q

TRH

A

Thyrotopin-releasing hormone

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5
Q

CRH

A

Croticotropin-releasing hormone

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6
Q

GnRH

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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7
Q

GHRH

A

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

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8
Q

PIF

A

Prolactin-inhibiting factor

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9
Q

PRF

A

Prolactin-releasing factor

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10
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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11
Q

TSH Target and Function

A
  • Thyroid gland

- TH synthesis and release

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12
Q

Growth hormone target and function

A
  • Muscle, bone, and liver

- Growth

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13
Q

Adrenocorticotopin ACTH target and function

A
  • Adrenal cortex

- Cortisol release and androgenic hormones

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14
Q

Prolactin target and function

A
  • Breast

- Milk production

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15
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone target and function

A
  • Gonads

- Egg/sperm production

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16
Q

Luteinizing hormone target and function

A
  • Gonads

- Sex hormones

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17
Q

Decreased hypothalamic function does what to anterior pituitary function

A

Decreases it

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18
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

A
  • Hypersecretion of ADH

- Caused by ectopic production of ADH by tumors

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19
Q

Hypersecretion of growth hormone

A

-Acromegaly occurs from hypersecretion of GH from pituitary during adulthood

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20
Q

Symptoms of Anterior pituitary disorders

A
  • Swelling of the hands and feet
  • Facial features become coarse
  • Coarse body hair
  • Protruding jaw
  • Enlarged lip
  • Thickened ribs
  • Joint pain
  • Enlarged heart
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21
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

-Increased TH levels

22
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A
  • Increased TH levels from thyroid gland

- Graves disease

23
Q

Symptoms of hyperthyroidsm

A
  • Increased metabolic rate
  • Increased heart rate
  • Heat intolerance
  • Tissue sensitiity
24
Q

Graves disease

A

Autoimmune disease

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

25
Q

Hypothyroidsim

A

-Decreased TH

26
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

A
  • Decreased metabolic rate
  • Cold intolerance
  • Lethargy
27
Q

Most common type of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s disease

28
Q

Hashimoto’s disases

A

Enlarged thyroid gland

More common in woman than men

29
Q

Late symptoms of hypothyroidism

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypothermia
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypotension
  • Decreased LOC
  • Heart failure
30
Q

Cretinism

A

-Thyroid deficiency that develops in infancy from a deficiency

31
Q

Symptoms of cretinism

A
  • Respiratory difficulty
  • Cyanosis
  • Jaundice
  • Poor feeding
  • Hoarse cry
  • Constipation
  • Umbical hernia
32
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Metabolic disease characterized by hypoglycemia

Insulin resistance

33
Q

Type 1 DM

A
  • Beta cell destruction

- Most common chronic disease

34
Q

Type 2 DM

A

-Beta cell dysfunction

35
Q

Acute complication of DM

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • DKA (type 1)
  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (type 2)
36
Q

DKA Symptoms

A
  • Type 1
  • Blood sugar >250mg/dl
  • Acetone breath
  • Ketones in urine
  • pH <7.35
  • Kussmal’s respiration
  • Develops quickly
  • Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
37
Q

HHS Symptoms

A
  • Type 2
  • Blood sugar >600mg/dl
  • No fruity smell
  • No ketones
  • Normal pH
  • Shallow breaths
  • Develops slowly
  • Altered LOC
  • Profound dehydration
38
Q

Chronic conditions of DM

A
  • Microvascular disease (retinopathy, nephropathy)
  • Macrovascular disease (CVD, stroke, PVD)
  • Infection
39
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

-Chronic excess cortisol

40
Q

Cushing disease

A

Excessive anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH

41
Q

Symptoms of hypercortical function

A
  • Weight gain in trunk
  • Weight gain in face
  • Hypertension
  • Glucose intolerance and protein wasting
42
Q

Causes of hypercortical function

A

-Prolonged steroid use

43
Q

Diagnostic studies for hypercortical function

A
  • 24 hour Urinary free cortisol level

- 50-100mg a day suggest Cushing’s syndrome

44
Q

Adrenocortical hypofunction

A

-Addison disease

45
Q

Addison disease

A
  • Adrenal insufficiency

- Autoimmune mechanisms

46
Q

Secondary hypocortisolism

A
  • Decreased ACTH

- Adrenal atrophy

47
Q

Tumors in the adrenal medulla

A

Excessive production of catecholamines

48
Q

Diagnostic studies for adrenal medulla

A
  • 24 hour urine metanephrine
  • Elevated urine cateholamines
  • Abnormal levels of catecholamines in the blood
49
Q

Symptoms of adrenal medulla cancer

A

-Severe headache
-Palpitations
-Rapid heart rate
-Sweating
-Flushing
-Chest pain
-Abdominal pain
Nervousness
-Irritability
-Increased appetite
-Loss of weight
-HTN

50
Q

Adrenal medulla cancer treatment

A

-Remove tumor by surgery

NUR 180 Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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