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NUR 180 Pathophysiology > Chapter 26 Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Cardiovascular Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Varicose Veins (2)

A
  • Distneded veins

- Blood pools in vein

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2
Q

Varicose vein risk factors (8)

A
  • Age
  • Female gender
  • Family history
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • DVT
  • Prior leg injury
  • Increased standing time
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3
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency (3)

A
  • Inadequate venous return
  • Due to varicose veins or valvular incompetence
  • Venous stasis ulcer
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4
Q

Highest risk factor for PE

A

DVT

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5
Q

What are apart of the Triad of Virchow (3)

A
  • Factors promoting thrombosis
  • Venous stasis
  • Venous endothelial damage
  • Hypercoaguladble states
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6
Q

Where is a thrombus?

A

Attached to the vessel wall

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7
Q

Where is a thromnoembolus?

A

Detached from vessel wall

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8
Q

When are SCD devices not used?

A

When a patient currently has a DVT

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9
Q

Diagnosis of DVT (4)

A
  • Positive Homan sign
  • Doppler study
  • Venous duplex
  • D-dimer
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10
Q

HTN SBP

A

Greater than or equal to 130mmHg

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11
Q

HTN DBP

A

Greater than or euqal to 80mmHg

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12
Q

Risk Factors of Primary HTN (4)

A
  • Family history
  • Diet
  • Tobacco and alcohol consumption
  • Obesity and glucose intolerance
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13
Q

What is secondary HTN caused by?

A

Other disorder that causes HTN

For example renal disease

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14
Q

Complicated HTN

A

Chronic HTN that is untreated

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15
Q

What can complicated HTN cause? (5)

A
  • Organ damage
  • Stroke
  • CHF
  • MI
  • Kidney failure
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16
Q

HTN Crisis SBP and DBP

A

SBP: >180mmHg
DBP: >120mmHg

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17
Q

How does an ACE Inhibitor work?

A

By stoping the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

This lowers the BP

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18
Q

What is the main goal of the renin-angiotension system?

A

To increase blood pressure

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19
Q

Orthostatin hypotension

A

Sudden drop in BP when going from sitting to standing

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20
Q

Aneurysm

A

Local dilation or outpouching of a vessel wall or cardiac chamber

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21
Q

Posterior rupture aneurysm symptoms

A

Back pain

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22
Q

Anterior rupture aneurysm

A

Pouch bursts into abdominal cavity causing hemorrhage

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23
Q

Diagnostics for anneurysm 5)

A
  • CXR
  • Echo
  • CT scan
  • MRI
  • Angiogram
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24
Q

Main symptoms of thoracic aneurysm (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Chest pain

- Dyspnea

25
Peripheral vascular disease is what kind of disease?
Autoimmune
26
Peripheral vasclar disease is strongly associated with what?
Smoking
27
Raynaud phenomenon (4)
- Episodic vasospasm - Blue/purple hands/numbness - Can be triggered by cold weather - Loss of perfusion to hands
28
What helps Raynauds?
Keeping hands and limbs warm
29
Atherosclerosis is what?
Thickening and hardening in the arteral wall
30
Risk factors for atherosclerosis (5)
- DM - Smoking - HLD - HTN - Autoimmunity
31
What can atherosclerosis cause (2)
- MI | - Stroke
32
Coronary Artery Disease is defined as…
Any vascular disorder that narrows or occuldes the coronary arteries leading to myocardial ischemia
33
Nonmodifiable CAD (4)
- Cant control - Age - Family history - Gender
34
Modifiable CAD (7)
- Can control - Dyslipidemia - HTN - Smoking - DM - Obesity - Atherogenic diet
35
Acute coronary syndromes
-Sudden event tat leads to MI
36
Unstable angina
Chest pain does not go away
37
Stable angina
Chest pain goes away with rest
38
MI Symptoms
- Chest pain that may radiate - Nausea/vomiting - Daphoresis - Dyspnea - Neck/jaw pain - Left arm pain
39
MI Complications (3)
- Arrhthmias - CHF - Cardiogenic shock
40
Cardiogenic shock
-System wide low O2
41
What is the most accurate way to see a MI?
Angiogram
42
Most accurate lab test for MI
-Troponin
43
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Increased size of left ventricle due to increased workload
44
Heart failure
Heart is unable to generate adequate cardiac output
45
Left heart failure
- Fluid backs up to lungs - EF less that 40% - Dyspnea - Orthopnea - Frothy sputum - Fatigue - Decreased urine output - Edema
46
Bilateral edema is suggestive of what?
Left sided heart failure
47
Unilateral edema is suggestive of what?
DVT
48
Right sided heart failure
-Increased pulmonary vascular resistance
49
Causes of HF (4)
- CAD - Cardiomyopathy - Pulmonary HTN - HTN
50
BNP tests for what
Fluid retention
51
Heart failure assessments
- Pale, cool skin decreased perfusion to extremites - S3, murmurs, tachycardia, jugular vein distention - Dizzy - Low urine output - SOB, crackles
52
Cardiogenic shock
Heart failure
53
Hypovolemic shock
- Insufficient intravascular fluid volume | - Massive hemmorhage
54
Neurogenic shock
Neural alterations of vascular smooth muscle tone
55
Anaphylactic shock
- Allergic reaction | - Vasodilation causes BP drop
56
Septic shock
Blood stream infection
57
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
- End stage of shock - Progressive dysfuntion of 2 or more organ systems - Resulting from an uncontrolled inflammatory response to illness or injury
58
Why is MODS fatal?
Not enough O2 to organs

NUR 180 Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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