Chapter 20: Immunizations Flashcards
(96 cards)
Who provides the recommendations for vaccine administration in children and adults?
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
Who approves the ACIP recommendations and where do these recommendations get published?
CDC
CDC’s Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) & The Pink Book
____ vaccines are produced by modifying a disease-producing (“wild”) virus or bacterium in a lab; they have the ability to replicate (grow) and produce immunity, but usually do not cause illness.
Live attenuated
Live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated in which populations?
Immunocompromised and pregnant patients
____ vaccines can be composed of either a whole virus or bacterium, or fractions of either. They cannot replicate.
Inactivated
Polysaccharide vaccines do not produce a good immune response in children < __ years of age.
2
Key live vaccines?
Remember: MICRO-VY
* MMR
* Intranasal influenza
* Cholera
* Rotavirus
* Oral Typhoid
* Varicella
* Yellow fever
When can most live or inactivated vaccines be administered?
Simultaneously
T/F: Increasing the interval between doses of vaccine given in a series does not diminish the effectiveness of the vaccine after completion of the series.
True
Decreasing the interval between doses of vaccine can interfere with antibody response & protection.
Antibodies in some blood products and IVIG can interfere with ______ and a separation period may be required.
live vaccine replication
Which type of vaccine can be given at any time?
Inactivated
Inactivated vaccines are started when a baby is 2 months old, except for which vaccine which is given at birth?
Hepatitis B
Live vaccines can cause a false-negative TB skin test. Options to reduce the risk of a false-negative include:
Give the live vaccine on the same day as the skin test, wait 4 weeks after a live vaccine to perform the skin test, administer the skin test first, wait 48-72 hrs to get the result, then give the live vaccine.
Multiple live vaccines can be given on the same day or (if not given on the same day) spaced _____ weeks apart.
4
T/F: If a vaccine series requires > 1 dose, the intervals between doses can be extended without restarting the series, but they cannot be shortened in most cases.
True
MMR & varicella-containing vaccines (not zoster) require separation from antibody-containing products (e.g., blood transfusions, IVIG). The recommended spacing if giving a vaccine before antibody containing product is:
The recommended spacing if giving an antibody containing product before a vaccine is:
Vaccine → 2 weeks → antibody-containing product
antibody-containing product → 3 months or longer → vaccine
Simultaneous administration of vaccine and antibody (in the form of immunoglobulin) is recommended for post-exposure ppx of certain diseases, such as?
Hep A & B, rabies and tetanus
Adverse reactions that require some type of assistance should be reported to?
FDA’s Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS)
With live vaccines, mild systemic reactions can occur __ - ___ days after the vaccine is given.
3-21 days
Which drugs can be used for the treatment of minor allergic reaction to vaccines?
Benadryl or Hyroxyzine
When does a vaccine become contraindicated in a person (besides being immunocompromised or pregnant with live vaccines)?
A severe or anaphylactic reaction
T/F: Treatment with antibiotics is NOT a valid reason to delay vaccines.
True
T/F: If a person has a moderate-severe acute illness, it is not necessary to delay vaccines until the condition has improved.
False
it is reasonable to delay the vaccine.
Influenza vaccine is recommended how often and for which group?
Annually for all patients >= 6months
