Chapter 39: Common Skin Conditions Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Which drugs can cause the skin & secretions to turn brown?
A
Entacapone, Levodopa, Methyldopa
2
Q
Which drug can cause the skin & secretions to turn brown/yellow?
A
Nitrofurantoin
3
Q
Which drug can cause the skin & secretions to turn orange/yellow?
A
Sulfasalazine
4
Q
Which drug can cause the skin & secretions to turn yellow-green?
A
Propofol
5
Q
Which drugs can cause the skin & secretions to turn red-orange?
A
Phenazopyridine, Rifampin
6
Q
Which drug can cause the skin & secretions to turn red?
A
Anthracyclines
7
Q
Which drugs can cause the skin & secretions to turn blue?
A
Methylene blue, Mitoxantrone
8
Q
Which drugs can cause the skin & secretions to turn blue-gray?
A
Amiodarone
9
Q
______ are the primary determinant of acne along with presence of the bacteria, ____ and fatty acids (sebum) present in oil (sebaceous glands).
A
Androgens
Cutibacterium acnes
10
Q
Retinoids are _____ derivatives.
A
vitamin A
11
Q
How do retinoids work?
A
Reducing cohesion of follicular epithelial cells, increasing epithelial cell turnover and unblocking the pores to prevent acne.
12
Q
First-line for mild acne?
A
Topicals: Benzoyl Peroxide and/or retinoid
13
Q
First-line for moderate acne?
A
- Topicals: combination
Or - PO antibiotic + BPO + topical retinoid (+ topical antibiotic)
14
Q
First-line for severe acne?
A
- Topicals: combination+ PO antibiotic
Or - PO isotretinoin
15
Q
Tretinoin brand names? (5)
A
Atralin, Renova, Retin-A, Retin-A Micro, Altreno
16
Q
Adapalene brand name?
A
Differin
17
Q
How long do topical retinoids take to work?
A
4-12 weeks
18
Q
T/F: Topical retinoids should be avoided in pregnancy.
A
True
19
Q
Which topical retinoid has a slower release and therefore causes less skin irritation?
A
Retin-A-Micro
20
Q
Which topical retinoid is CI in pregnancy?
A
Tazarotene
21
Q
What is an important patient counseling regarding all retinoids?
A
Limit sun exposure
22
Q
How to apply retinoids?
A
Apply a pea-sized amount daily, usually at bedtime, about 20 min after washing your face
23
Q
What is an important patient counseling for benzoyl proxide?
A
It can bleach clothing and hair
24
Q
Dapsone gel should be avoided in:
A
G6PD deficiency
25
Isotretinoin brand names?
Absorica, Amnesteem
26
Boxed warning for isotretinoin?
Birth defects (2 forms of BC are required [cannot use a POP])
27
Warnings of isotretinoin?
dry eyes/irritation, dry skin, chapped lips
28
Females on isotretinoin cannot get pregnant during which times?
Cannot get pregnant for 1 month before, during, or 1 month after drug is stopped.
29
What drugs should be avoided with isotretinoin?
* Vitamin A supplements
* Tetracyclines
* Progestin-only contraceptives
* St. John's wort
30
Minocycline brand names?
Minocin, Solodyn
31
Minocycline XR formulation should only be used in patients > __ years?
12 years
32
Counseling for minocycline?
can cause photosensitivity, fetal harm, discoloration in teeth in children
33
Docosantol brand name?
Abreeva
34
Which Rx drug is used for cold sores?
Acyclovir topical cream/ointment (Zovirax)
35
How should you apply Abreva cream?
apply 5x daily at first sign of outbreak; continue until healed
36
How should you apply Zovirax cream?
apply 5x daily for 4 days
37
Drugs that can cause alopecia?
* Chemotherapeutics
* Valproate,
* Lamotrigine
* Tacrolimus
* Heparin
* Some OC
38
What vitamin deficiencies can cause hair loss?
Deficiency of:
* Zinc
* Vitamin D
* Biotin
* Selenium
39
Finasteride brand name for alopecia treatment?
Propecia
40
Minoxidil topical brand name?
Rogaine
41
Propecia is CI in?
pregnancy
42
Who should not be handling Finasteride?
Females of childbearing potential
43
What is the box warning for Baricitinib used for alopecia?
Infection, Malignancy, Thrombosis
44
Which drug is indicated for thining eyelashes?
Bimatoprost (latisse)
45
OTC drugs that can be used for eczema?
Aquaphor, Eucerin
46
What rx drugs should be used first in eczema before using topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical PDE4i, and MABs?
topical steroids
47
Do not use Elidel and Protopic (topical calcineurin inhibitors) in children < ___ years of age?
2
48
Topical calcineurin inhibitors are associated with ___ and should only be used as second-line drugs for short-term in eczema
lymphoma and skin cancer
49
What is TINEA PEDIS?
Fungal infection of the foot (Athlete's foot)
50
What are the symptoms associated with athlete's foot?
Foot itching, peeling, redness, mild burning
51
What is TINEA CRURIS?
Affects the genital, inner thighs and buttocks (jock itch), appearing as red, itchy and can be ring-shaped.
52
What is TINEA CORPORIS?
Ringworm is a fungal skin infection appearing as circular, red, flat sores.
53
Terbinafine brand name
Lamisil AT
(cream, gel, or spray)
54
Butenafine brand name
Lotrimin Ultra cream
55
Miconazole brand name for skin infection
Lotrimin AF
56
Tolnaftate brand name
Tinactin
57
Which 2 OTC drugs are highly effective for fungal treatments of the skin
Terbinafine and butenafine
## Footnote
think of a TB test on the skin
58
Topical antifungals should be used for at least _____ weeks, even if it appears healed
2-4 weeks
59
____ is essential for diagnosis of toenail and fingernail infections
20% KOH smear
60
Which oral drugs are approved for toenail and fingernail infections
Itraconazole and terbinafine (Lamisil)
61
Itraconazole (Sporanox) has a boxed warning for
Heart failure
62
What is an important side effect of PO Itraconazole?
Hepatotoxicity
63
pH > ___ indicates the presence of bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis infection
4.5
64
When should a patient be refered to physician to rule out underlying cause of bacterial vaginosis?
more than 4 infections in a year OR symptoms recur within 2 weeks
65
Miconazole brand name for vaginal fungal infections
Monistat 3 (OTC)
66
Butoconazole brand name for vaginal fungal infections
Gynazole-1 (Rx)
67
Fluconazole dosing for vaginal fungal infection
150 mg PO x 1
68
When should a patient be referred for a vaginal fungal infection
complicated infection, pregnancy
## Footnote
Could give 7-10 days treatment as well and then refer
69
Diaper rash prevention
Petrolatum ointment (A & D Ointment) + zinc oxide (a desiccant) - (Desitin)
70
If yeast is thought to be involved in a diaper rash, patient can use ___
nystatin
71
Preparation H contains which drug
phenylephrine (topical)
72
How does preparation H helps with hemorhoids?
It is a vasoconstrictor that shrinks the hemorrhoid and reduces burning and itching
73
Which drug is used for pinworms
Pyrantel pamoate (OTC)
74
What is the "tape" test is used for and how many tests may be needed?
"tape" test is used to identify eggs by sticking a piece of tape around the anus in the morning prior to voiding. It may take up to 3 tests to identify the eggs
75
Mebendazole and albendazole used for pinworms cause
HA, nausea and hepatotoxicity
76
What drugs are given with systemic worm infections to help with the toxicity
steroids and Antiseizure medications
77
When treating pinworms with albendazole, it must be taken with ____ to increase absorption
a high-fat meal
78
Permethrin 5% cream is indicated for ____
Promethrin 1% lotion is indicated for ____
scabies (mites)
Lice
79
Malathion lotion 0.5% (Ovide) for lice causes ____ and is ____
skin irritation; flammable
80
Lindane shampoo 1% is no longer recommended for lice due to ____
neurotoxicity
81
After each lice treatment, check the hair and use a nit comb to remove nits and lice every - days
2-3
82
DOC for lice & when should treatment be repeated
permethrin (Nix) or pyrethrin/piperonyl butoxide (Rid)
## Footnote
Repeat treatment on day 9
83
For burns, _______ can be used topically to reduce infection risk and promote healing
Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene; SSD)
84
Primary treatment for skin irritation is topical steroids. OTC hydrocortisone comes in 2 strengths: _____; all other strengths are Rx
0.5% and 1%
85
Potency of vehicles from highest to weakest:
Ointments>creams > lotions > solutions > gels > sprays
| Oily Cats Like Silky Gentle Snuggles
86
How often should sunscreen be reapplied
every 2 hours & after swimming
87
How to calculate Time to Burn
TTB (with sunscreen in min) = SPF x TTB (without sunscreen)
## Footnote
Example: if someone normally burns in 10 min and they use SPF of 5, then it would extend their time they would burn to 50 min (5x10)
88
Very high potency topical steroids
* Clobetasol propionate 0.05% Lotion/Shampoo/Spray (Clobex), Cream/Ointment (Temovate), Foam (Olux)
* Fluocinonide 0.1% Cream (Vanos)
89
High potency topical steroids
* Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% Cream (Diprolene AF)
* Fluocinonide 0.05% Ointment
* Mometasone furoate 0.1% Ointment
90
High-Medium potency topical steroids
Fluocinonide 0.05% Cream
91
Medium potency topical steroids
* Mometasone furoate 0.1% Lotion
* Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% Cream, Spray (Kenalog)
92
Lowest potency topical steroids
Hydrocortisone Cream: 0.5%, 1% (Cortaid, Cortisone, Cortizone-10)
93
Ketoconazole 2% Rx shampoo for dandruff brand name
Nizoral
94
Propecia dose for alopecia
1 mg daily at least 3 months to see effect
95
Topical tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel) should not be used in children < __ years
2
96
Antifungals should be applied - inches beyond the rash
1-2
97
Fungal infection of the foot
tinea pedis
98
Fungal infection of the genitals, inner thighs, and buttocks
Tinea cruris
99
Circular, red, flat sores that are itchy
tinea corporis (ringworm)
100
Terbinafine has a risk of
hepatotoxicity
101
Mupirocin (Bactroban) is an antibiotic cream/ointment that has very good __ and __ coverage & can be used for _____ colonization
Staph & strep
## Footnote
nasal MRSA colonization
102
Ointments (such as Aquaphor) should be applied to minor burns for?
skin protection, to hold in moisture & reduce scarring risk
103
Hydroxyzine brand name
Vistaril
104
Hydroxyzine is used for
general urticaria (hives)
105
Hydroxyzine common side effects
sedation and dry mouth
106
Sunscreen labeling can no longer use “waterproof” or “sweatproof.” They can claim to be “water resistant” but only for __-__ min
40-80
107
What effect does Aloe provide when used as gel or lotion?
Soothing effect
## Footnote
Aloe is commonly used in skin care for its calming properties.
108
What skin conditions is tea tree oil used for?
Variety of skin conditions such as acne
## Footnote
Tea tree oil is known for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.
109
What is lysine used for?
Cold sore treatment and prevention
## Footnote
Lysine can be taken orally or applied topically.
110
What is biotin used for?
Hair loss and brittle nails
## Footnote
Biotin is a B-vitamin essential for healthy hair and nails.
111
What conditions is topical vitamin D used for?
Conditions such as diaper rash and psoriasis
## Footnote
Vitamin D can help in skin healing and reducing inflammation.
