Chapter 2.1

Question 1

the study of the relationships living things have with each other and their environment.

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

all the living things in an environment.

Answer 2

Biotic factors

Question 3

Examples of a biotic factor includes…what?

Answer 3

Plants, Animals, Pests, etc.

Question 4

All the non-living factors in an environment.

Answer 4

Abiotic factors

Question 5

The (blank) / dirt in an environment cannot be called simply abiotic or biotic.

Answer 5

Soil

Question 6

Natural population or group of population of organism which transmit specific characteristics from parents to offspring.

Answer 6

Species

Question 7

They are reproductively isolated from other population

Answer 7

Species

Question 8

a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature.

Answer 8

species

Question 9

The place an organism lives or the address.

Answer 9

habitat

Question 10

The role that an organism plays in its environment or its occupation.

Answer 10

Niche

Question 11

Nature is hierarchical and there are phenomena that are understood only when one studies the appropriate level within the hierarchy.

Answer 11

Ecological Hierarchy

Question 12

Rearrange: Organs, Subatomic particles, Whole organisms, Complex molecules, Organ systems, Organelles, Cells.

Answer 12

Subatomic particles, Complex molecules, Organelles, Cells, Organs, Organ systems, Whole organisms

Question 13

In levels of ecology, what defines the members of same species living in one place? It is also the interactions among individuals within a species

Answer 13

Population

Question 14

In levels of ecology, this defines the different populations interacting in an area

Answer 14

Community

Question 15

In levels of ecology, this is a complete community + its abiotic environment

Answer 15

Ecosystem

Question 16

In levels of ecology, it is all parts of Earth where life exists, both biotic and abiotic.

Answer 16

Biosphere

Question 17

a collection of interbreeding individuals belonging to the same species living together in time and space.

Answer 17

Population

Question 18

the interactions of one population, especially relating to population size.

Answer 18

population ecology

Question 19

T|F: Emigration increases population size.

Answer 19

Immigration or Natality (birth)

Question 20

T|F: Emigration decreases population size.

Answer 20

True, or mortality

Question 21

What are the things organisms need to survive ?

Answer 21

Natural resources

Question 22

Natural resources are the things organisms needed to survive but when resources are in short supply, it can impact population growth. Aka, environmental resistance.

Answer 22

Limiting factors

Question 23

The nutrient present in the least relative amount is the limiting nutrient. This is Liebig’s Law of Minimum, give his full name.

Answer 23

Justus Von Liebig (1873)

Question 24

Even if all but one essential element is present, the absence of that one constituent renders the crop barren.

Answer 24

The Barrel Concept | Liebig’s Law of Minimum

Question 25

“Organisms success is based on a complex set of conditions and that each organism has a certain minimum, maximum, and optimum environmental factor or combination of factors that determine success” This is Shelford’s Law of Tolerance. Give his full name.

Answer 25

Victor Ernest Shelford (1911)

Question 26

What is called the number of individuals in an area of interest?

Answer 26

Size

Question 27

Give the methods of determining sizes.

Answer 27

Direct counts, Sub sampling (Quadrates), Mark & Recapture.

Question 28

Expressed as individuals per unit area.

Answer 28

Density

Question 29

In distribution, there are three types. What is not usually seen in nature (e.g. row crops)?

Answer 29

Uniform Distribution

Question 30

In distribution, there are three types. It is rare and can occur if environmental conditions are homogeneous, little competition among organisms, and aggregation does not favor organism.

Answer 30

Random distribution

Question 31

In distribution, there are three types. Environmental conditions are almost always heterogeneous. Heterogeneous climate, resources, water soils, etc.

Answer 31

Clamped distribution

Question 32

What type of biome includes marine, freshwater, and wetlands?

Answer 32

Aquatic Biomes

Question 33

Name three terrestrial biomes.

Answer 33

Tropical forest biome, tropical savannah, desert, temperate grassland, temperate forest, scrubland, taiga and tundra

Question 34

Clamped distribution is advantageous to [blank] (parental behavior, defense, feeding (packs), shelter, etc. Increases competition for [what] may be a net positive attribute for the population.

Answer 34

Organism, scare resources

Question 35

Method of reproduction may produce a [blank] distribution. E.g. seed dispersal, vegetative or clonal reproduction (aspen).

Answer 35

Clamped distribution

Question 36

What growth rate is given by the symbol "r" and is expressed as a percent per unit time (e.g. % per year) difference between the birth rate (natality) "b" and the death rate (mortality) "d" May be positive or negative (negative growth)| r = b - d.

Answer 36

Net Growth Rate

Question 37

This growth rate is rarely obtained or maintained in nature.

Answer 37

Intrinsic Growth Rate

Question 38

is a species specific characteristic and varies greatly among organisms e.g. high for bacteria, low for elephants.

Answer 38

R(sub)max

Question 39

the maximum population than an environment can sustainably support.

Answer 39

Carrying capacity

Question 40

A population may [blank] OR temporarily overshoot the carrying capacity. If overshot, survival depends on the severity of the overshoot and the speed of environmental recovery.

Answer 40

Plateau

Question 41

A population may plateau OR temporarily overshoot the carrying capacity. If overshot, survival depends of [blank] and [blank].

Answer 41

Severity of overshoot, speed of environmental recovery

Question 42

In population growth curves, exponential growth models have unlimited growth and have high potential. What letter-shaped is an exponential growth model?

Answer 42

J-shaped

Question 43

A growth model that shaped accounts for limited resources.

Answer 43

Logistic growth model

Question 44

T|F: Logistic growth model recognizes a carrying capacity (K) which is the minimum environment density that can be supported over a sustained period of time.

Answer 44

Maximum population density

Question 45

T|F: The formula for logistic growth curve is (dN/dT)=rN

Answer 45

Exponential growth

Question 46

T|F: In the formula of logistic growth curve dN=rN[(K-N)/K]; the value of "K" varies with the population.

Answer 46

Varies with the environment