chapter 21- habit reversal

Question 1

awareness training

Answer 1

• a component of the habit reversal procedure in which the person taught to identify each instance of a particular habit behaviour as it occurs
• the client then learns a competing response and practices the competing response in session after each occurrence of the habit

Question 2

competing response

Answer 2

• an alternative behavior that occurs in place of another TB
• typically the competing response is physically incompatible with the TB, so it’s occurrence competes with the occurrence of the TB
• client imagines a situation where they will use the competing response
• finally, client uses the competing response outside the session whenever the habit is about to occur

Question 3

competing response training

Answer 3

• a component of the habit reversal procedure in which the client is taught to engage in a competing response contingent on the occurrence of the habit behavior or contingent on the urge to engage in the habit behavior.
• significant others are insturcted to promote the client to use the competing response when the habit occurs outside the session

Question 4

diaphragmatic breathing

Answer 4

• a type of relaxation exercise in which one engages in slow, rhythmic breathing, using the diaphragm muscle to pull air deep into the lungs

Question 5

habit behaviour

Answer 5

• a repetitive behaviour

- three types: nervous habits, motor tics and stuttering

Question 6

habit reversal

Answer 6

a procedure for treating habit disorders- its component procedures include awareness training competing response training, social support, generalization strategies, and motivational strategies

• *research has shown that awareness training and competing response training are the most crucial components for treatment effectiveness
• used to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors

Question 7

motivation strategy

Answer 7

• part of the habit reversal procedure used to increase the likelihood that the client will use the competing response outside the treatment sessions to control the habit

Question 8

motor tics

Answer 8

• repetitive jerking movements of a particular muscle group in the body
• usually involves muscles in the neck or face but many also involve shoulders, arms, hands, legs or torso
• associated with heightened muscle tension, it could be due to an injury or an event that increases the tension in a particular muscle group, but occurs even after the injury or event has passed

Question 9

nervous habits

Answer 9

• repetitive, manipulative behaviors that are most likely to occur when a person experiences heightened tension- nervous habits do not typically serve any social function for the individual
• ie. twirling or stroking hair, tapping a pencil, chewing on a pen or person, cracking knuckles, and other repetitive manipulation of objects or body parts, biting lips
• causes physical damage suck as cracked lips to repetetive biting

Question 10

regulated breathing

Answer 10

• the competing response that is used in the habit reversal treatment for stuttering

Question 11

social support

Answer 11

• a component of the habit reversal procedure in which a significant other praises the client for the correct use of the competing response and prompts the client to use the competing response when the habit behaviour occurs.

Question 12

stuttering

Answer 12

• a speech disfluency in which the individual repeats words or syllables, prolongs a word sound, and/ or blocks on a word (makes no sound for a period of time when trying to say a word)
• stuttering may occur in young children are they first learning to use language, but most children grow out of it without a problem
• it is usually barely noticeable

Question 13

Tourette’s syndrome

Answer 13

• a tic disorder involving multiple motor and vocal tics that have occurred for at least 1 year
• tic disorder involving multiple motor and vocal ties
• believed to be caused by a complex interaction of genetic and neurobiological factors, as well as environmental events

Question 14

vocal tic

Answer 14

• a repetitive vocal sound or word uttered by an individual that does not serve any commutative function
• repetitive vocal sounds do not serve a social purpose
• includes throat clearing, coughing, sounds, or words

Question 15

habit disorder

Answer 15

a repetitive behaviour that is distressing to the person

- includes nervous habits, vocal tics and stuttering

Question 16

two basic skills client learns during habit reversal training

Answer 16

• discriminate each occurrence of the habit (awareness training) and
• to use the competing response contingent on the occurrence of the habit or in anticipation of the occurrence of the habit (compete response training)

Question 17

habit reversal components

Answer 17

• awareness training
• competing response training
• social supports
• motivation procedures

Question 18

two possible purpose of competing responses

Answer 18

• inhibits the habit behaviour and provides an alternative behaviour to replace it
• competing response may serve as a punisher as in the application of aversive activities such as overcorrection and contingent exercise

Question 19

nervous habits

Answer 19

body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRB)

Question 20

generalization training

Answer 20

practice focuses on how to control tics in every day situations
- first, person practices tic-control procedures in session until done correctly

Question 21

symbolic rehearsal

Answer 21

person imagines common and tic-eliciting situations and then performs the tic-control exercise
- finally, the person tried controlling
real-world situations

Question 22

aversion therapy

Answer 22

a form of respondent conditioning which involved the repeated pairing of a troublesome reinforcer with an aversive event

• ie. treatment of alcoholism
• repeated pairing of alcohol with disulfram may cause the person to avoid alcohol (CS)

Question 23

coversive sensitization (imagined aversion)

Answer 23

• therapy often uses symbollic representations (ie, pictures or videos) to rplace the troublesome reinforcer intself

Question 24

massed negative practice

Answer 24

a punisher procedure that requires the person to repeat the undesired target behaviour for a predetermined time period contingent on the occurrence of the TB i.e.. after a vocal tic, the person would have to force him or herself to make vocal tics for 2 minutes