Chapter 21 - Important Slides 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What type of drugs are used for creams, ointments, and lotions? For transdermal patches?
- Antiseptics (against infections) and antipruritics (against itching)
- Estrogen for hormone replacement, nicotine patch, or slow-release pain medications.
What does it receptor mean for drug use?
It is the specific target for the drug.
What does additive action of drugs mean?
- Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each
- The effect is the sum of when 2 drugs are used. Like 10% + 20% tumor kills = 30% tumor kill.
What does antagonistic mean in terms of drug interaction?
2 drugs together are less than an additive effect. They work against each other.
What is synergism mean in terms of drug interaction?
Combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone.
Basically, the two drugs together is more effective than the drugs individually by themselves. Ineffective individually.
What does tolerance mean in terms of drug interaction?
Drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve a desired effect
What is addiction to drugs mean?
Patient is physically or psychologically dependent on and craving for drugs
What is idiosyncrasy mean in terms of drug interaction?
Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual, but not seen in most patients. Unexpected and uncommon side effects
What does iatrogenic mean in terms of drug interaction?
Condition caused by treatment given by physicians or medical personnel
What does side effect mean in terms of drug interaction?
Adverse (unpleasant) reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from use of a drug
What are contraindications mean in terms of drug interaction?
Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment
What is drug resistance in terms of drug interaction?
Reduction in effectiveness of a drug. The drug is unable to control the disease process of a particular patient.
What is anaphylaxis? Know the spelling of this word too.
Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein.
What class of drugs are analgesic?
Drugs that lessens pain
What are mild analgesics? What are the two examples of it?
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- Aspirin
- Purpose: relieve mild to moderate pain like myalgias, headaches, and toothaches
What are the potent analgesics? The types?
- Narcotics or opioids
- These drugs will induce stupor
- Only used to relieve severe pain because they can create dependence.
- Examples: codeine, oxycodone, or morphine
What are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs?)
- Non-narcotic analgesics that reduce fever, pain, and inflammation
- Also used for join disorders, painful menstruation, acute pain due to minor injuries or infection.
- Examples: aspirin and ibuprofen
What type/class of drugs is anesthetics?
- Drugs that reduces or eliminates sensation.
- Two types: (1) General anesthetics = puts patients asleep. Loss of sensation throughout the entire body
(2) Local anesthetics = a particular region
What type/class are drugs that are antibiotics?
- Chemical substance that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body.
- Bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial growth) and Bactericidal (killing bacteria)
What is penicillin?
- Example of an antibiotic
2. Cured many condition such as pneumonia, UTI, and strep throat
What are antiviral drugs? Examples?
Drugs that acts against viruses such as herpes virus and HIV
What are anticoagulant drugs? Examples?
- Drugs that prevent blood clotting.
2. Heparin and warfarin
What are antiplatelet drugs? Examples?
- Drugs reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot.
- Aspirin and Clopidogrel (Plavix), both used for post heart attacks
What are anticonvulsants?
Drugs that prevents convulsions, seizures, and epilepsy.
