Chapter 21 - Important Slides Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the 2 biological effects of drugs?
- Pharmacodynamics
2. Pharmacokinetics
What is pharmacodynamics?
Study of a drug’s effects in the body
What is pharmacokinetics?
Study of a drug’s absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time.
What are the 3 different types of name a drug can have?
- Chemical name
- Generic name
- Brand name
What does the chemical name of a drug consist of?
The exact chemical makeup. Name is long and complicated.
What does the generic name of the drug consist of?
Legal and scientific name. Shorter and less complicated.
What does the brand name of the drug consist of?
Trademark of drug manufacturer
What are the 2 organization responsible for drugs on the market and consumer use?
- FDA
2. United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
What is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
- U.S. government agency with legal responsibility to enforce proper drug manufacture and clinical use
- Decides whether or not the drug may be distributed or sold.
What is United States Pharmacopeia?
- Authoritative list of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing
- An independent committee of physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, and manufacturers who continually reviews the effectiveness of the drugs.
What are the two types of references for listing of drugs?
- Hospital formulary
2. Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)
What is the hospital formulary?
- A reference book that list all of the drugs commonly stocked in a hospital pharmacy
- Provides information about the characteristics of drugs and their clinical uses
What is the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)?
- Reference book that lists drug products provides complete description about the drug properties and its approved indications
- Published by a private firm and paid by drug manufacturers
What are the 6 main routes of administration of drugs?
- Oral
- Sublingual
- Rectal
- Parenteral
- Inhalation
- Topical
What is involved in oral administration of drugs? Benefits and disadvantages? Abbreviations?
- Drugs are given by mouth, which is convenient for patient
- PO, p.o., and po = all abbreviations for “by mouth”
- Chance that the drug may be destroyed by gastric juice
- Takes a longer time for the drugs to be effective when given oral.
What are 3 types of drugs administered for oral?
- Caplets
- Capsules
- Tablets
What is involved in sublingual administration of drugs? Abbreviations? Benefit?
- Drugs are given by placement under the tongue
- Abbreviations: SL
- For some, absorption may be rapid
What is the type of drug administered for sublingual
Tablets
What is involved in the rectal administration of drugs? Abbreviations? Benefits?
- Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum
- Suppositories and aqueous solutions through rectum
- Abbreviations: R
- Benefit: when oral administration is difficult
What is the type of drug administered for rectal?
Suppositories
What is involved in the parenteral administration of drugs?
- Drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins
- OUTSIDE OF THE GI TRACT
What are the 6 different injections and instillations of parenteral route?
- Intracavitary injection
- Intradermal injection
- Intramuscular (IM) injection
- Intrathecal injection
- Intravenous (IV) injection
- Subcutaneous (SC) injection
What is the intracavitary injection?
Injection made into body cavity such as peritoneal or pleural cavity
What is intradermal injection?
- Injection made in between skin, specifically upper layers of skin.
- Used to test for allergic reaction in skin
