Chapter 21 mult choice

Question 1

Copernicus

Answer 1

-proved heliocentric conception of the universe (sun-centered)
-planets revolved around the sun
-moon revolved around Earth
-the apparent movement of the sun around the Earth was because of the rotation of the Earth on its axis and its journey around sun

Question 2

Voltaire

Answer 2

-criticized the church (challenged actions)
-believed and fought for religious toleration
-supported deism (God created universe but allowed it to run on reason and natural law)

Question 3

Abandoning the open-field technique

Answer 3

-before: the land was left for a season to grow naturally and restore soil’s fertility, then mowed to plant new crops
-new: planted a crop of turnips or clover in between seasons to continue getting crops but also allow fertilization of the fields
**increased crops- feed livestock causing livestock numbers to increase and more meat for Europeans (better diet)

Question 4

Jethro Tull (1674-1741)

Answer 4

-hoe
**break up dirt with pockets of air - crops had better access to water and fertilization
-seed drill
**cut down on seed waste and planted more efficiently

Question 5

Enclosure Acts (England)

Answer 5

-allowed landowners with large estates to break their estate up and lease it to farmers
-farmers would become dependent on the upper class
-enabled landowners to easily evict tenants

Question 6

Enlightened despotism/ absolutism

Answer 6

as the Church was loosing power, rulers gained more power and became absolute rulers

Question 7

Fredrick William

Answer 7

-Prussia
-expanded Prussian army
-centralized government
-primary education for all subjects

Question 8

Fredrick William II

Answer 8

-Prussia
-“Fredrick the Great”
-Enlightenment reforms
-increased Prussia’s territories
-not power to turfs (bound to land and undereducated)
-invaded Austria bc he “didn’t think a woman could be ruler of the Holy Roman Empire” (just wanted to expand Prussia’s territory)

Question 9

Maria Theresa

Answer 9

-empress of Austria
-centralized Austria and strengthened the army
-endured attacks of the War of Austrian Sucession

Question 10

Joseph II

Answer 10

-Austria
-abolished serfdom
-freedom of the press
-enacted religous reforms (bad move)

Question 11

Peter III

Answer 11

-Russia
-alliance with Prussia
-withdrew from the Seven Years’ War

Question 12

Cathrine II

Answer 12

-Russia
-“Cathrine the Great”
-expanded the Russian empire
-created a council that would listen to the people
-considered liberal when young, got more conservative with age

Question 13

Seven Years War

Answer 13

-fought after the war of Austrian Succession in order to win back Silesia (became a big war) (ended with the Treaty of Paris
-Austrian Succession: Cathrine was placed on the throne of the Austrian Empire, Frederick II (Prussia) invaded Austrian Silesia, and fought in Europe, Asia, and North America
-Treaty of Paris: all occupied territories returned to their original owners except for Silesia (Prussia got it)
-Marie Antoinette (Austria) and Louis (France) married for an alliance

Question 14

How to answer a short answer

Answer 14

-topic sentence: answers prompt
-evidence: piece of specific historical evidence and explain
-analysis: demonstrate how the evidence proves the topic sentence