Chapter 22 abdominal emergencies Flashcards Preview

Emergency care 13th edition > Chapter 22 abdominal emergencies > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 22 abdominal emergencies Deck (25)
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1
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs

-contains the

parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

2
Q

hollow organs

A
esophagus 
stomach
small intestine 
large intestine
appendix
gallbladder
bladder
3
Q

solid organs

A

liver
spleen
pancreas
kidney

4
Q

there is a small space between the two parietal and visceral layers.

A

it is filled with a lubricant and keeps the two layers from rubbing against each other

5
Q

abdomen is dissected in 4 quadrants meeting in what spot?

A

the navel (umbilicus)

6
Q

organs within the peritoneal cavity

A
spleen
liver
gallbladder
stomach
transverse colon (and ascending/decending colons)
small bowel intestine
7
Q

organs within the retro-peritoneal cavity

A
kidney (and ureters)
pancreas
duodenum 
abdominal aorta
inferior vena cava
fallopian tube (and ovaries)
sigmoid colon
uterus
rectum
urinary bladder
8
Q

retroperitoneal space

A

the area posterior to the peritoneum, between the peritoneum and the back

-can fit the entire body blood volume in this area without any signs of swelling

9
Q

visceral pain

A

poorly localized, dull or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs or viscera

  • intermittent, campy or colicky pain comes from hollow organs
  • dull and persistent pain often comes from solid organs
10
Q

parietal pain

A

these pains can be easily located and traced back toward an organ within this area of the abdomen

-localized and intense pain arising from the parietal peritoneum

11
Q

tearing pain

A

-the most common type of abdominal pain.

aorta and stomach can detect the tearing sensations
-patients with this problem often report burning or tearing pain and frequent heavy bleeding

12
Q

referred pain

A

a pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originated from.

this is due to the organs sharing nerve pathways with spinal cord

“pain in the shoulder” is a common complaint

13
Q

appendicitis

A

1 in 15 people will develop appendicitis in their lifetime

  • most common cause of people needing surgery
  • persistent pain in the RLQ
  • if the appendix ruptured the pain would intensify and this would leak into the peritoneal cavity causing peritonitis
14
Q

peritonitis

A

easily irritated by gastric juices, bowel contents, and blood (like a ruptured appendix)

15
Q

cholecystitis / gallstones

A

inflammation of the gallbladder often caused by gallstones

  • severe pain in upper central abdomen just below the diploid process (RUQ)
  • high fat foods can make the pain much worse
16
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by chronic alcoholic patients

  • pain can be found epigastric area, and may radiate toward the back and shoulders
  • in advance situations can cause shock
17
Q

gastro intestinal bleeding

A

often can occur with no pain

18
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

(AAA) ballooning or weakening in the wall of the aorta as it passes through the abdomen.

ruptured aneurisms are associated with an extremely high rate of death.

-a leaking aneurism can cause a developing abdominal pain that is sharp or tearing that may radiate from the back.

19
Q

hernia

A

when a hole in the muscle layers of the abdomen wall, tissue can protrude against the skin.

very painful, but only life threatening if the hernia causes an obstruction or twisting of the intestine.

20
Q

renal colic

A

(kidney stones)
very painful and often associated with nausea and vomiting.

can’t get comfortable

21
Q

cardiac involvement

A

pain from a heart attack could be felt as abdominal pain

  • often described as indigestion or digestive discomfort.
  • commonly felt in the epigastric region.
22
Q

position of guarding

A

knees drawn up, arms across abdomen

23
Q

geriatric patients often have a decreased ability to feel________?

A

pain

-this makes the other parts of opqrst and sample more important.

24
Q

atenolol and metoprolol

A

beta blockers

25
Q

signs and symptoms of abdominal stress (some)

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • blood in vomit
  • diarrhea
  • pain shooting toward the back