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Emergency care 13th edition > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 7 Deck (33)
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1
Q

Compensation

A

adjustments that the body makes to correct imbalances, and it relies on a constant supply of energy.

-when the body cannot compensate for imbalances, cells, organs, and organ systems die

-

2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Steady state environment which allows the body to grow, heal, and to carry out the normal functions necessary to live life

3
Q

Pathophysiology

A

the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body.

-using pathophysiology to better understand how a particular challenge affects the body’s most essential functions, and how the body will react to an injury or illness

4
Q

cell membrane

A

protects and selectively allows water and other substances in and out of the cell

5
Q

cell nucleus

A

-contains DNA (the genetic blueprint for cellular reproductions

6
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

plays a key role in synthesizing protiens

7
Q

mitochondria

A

produces a large majority of energy for the cell

8
Q

sodium potassium pump

A
  • The process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrance is an active transport process involving the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the necessary energy.
9
Q

Water and the cell

A
  • without enough water the cell will dehydrate and die

- with too much water, basic cellular functions will be disrupted

10
Q

electrolytes

A

when dissolved in water, separate into charged particles

  • potasium
  • sodium
  • magnesium
11
Q

Glucose

A

a simple sugar used for ATP along with oxygen

Levels of glucose and insulin are controlled by the body endocrine system

12
Q

diffusion

A

the process moves oxygen across the thin membrane from the aveoili to the capillaries

13
Q

removal of carbon dioxide

A

helps regulate the acid levels in the body

14
Q

amount of oxygen in each inhalation

A

21%

15
Q

FiO2

A

fraction of inspired oxygen: the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe

16
Q

patent

A
  • free from obstruction

- open and clear

17
Q

tidal volume

A

the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing

18
Q

minute volume

A

the tidal volume multiplied by the number of breaths taken per minute

19
Q

dead air space

A

air that occupies the space between the mouth and aveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange

20
Q

medulla oblongata

A

the seat for respiratory control

21
Q

disruption of lung tissue

A

when lung tissue is displaced or destroyed by mechanical force it cannot exchange gas.

22
Q

Congestive heart failure & severe sepsis

A

changes the ability of the aveoli to transfer gasses across their membranes.

23
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel

24
Q

liver failure patients

A

often do not produce enough albumin

25
Q

Upper airway

A
  • Nose
  • mouth
  • throat
26
Q

Lower airway

A

-larynx and down

27
Q

stretch receptors

A

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure

28
Q

loss of tone (blood vessel dysfunction)

A

a major problem occurs when blood vessels loose their inability to control their diameter.

29
Q

excessive permeability

A

when blood vessels are overly permeable or leaky allowing too much fluid to leak out of their walls and fill the space in the tissue and around the aveoli. thus not allowing gas exchange to occur

30
Q

hypertension

A

the abnormal constriction of peripheral blood vessels causing too much pressure.

31
Q

SVR

A

systemic vascular resistance

-the pressure inside the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system

32
Q

stroke volume

A

the amount of blood ejected from the heart into the system from one heart contraction

33
Q

cardiac output

A

stroke volume X beats per minute