Chapter 22 (Descent with Modification)

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Process of gradual modification and

adaptation that occurs in populations over generations

Question 2

Mutation

Answer 2

is the driving force of evolution, generating genetic

variation

Question 3

What did Charles Darwin Publish in 1859 and what was it about?

Answer 3

Called the “Origin of Species” was about the great diversity of organisms and the line of descent

Question 4

What was Darwins three broad observations?

Answer 4

• The unity of life
• The diversity of life
• The match between organisms and their environment

Question 5

Lamarck’s hypothesis of evolution:

Answer 5

the inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 6

Paleontology

Answer 6

the study of fossils.

Question 7

Natural selection

Answer 7

is a process in which individuals with favorable

inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 8

What was Larmarks hypothesis

Answer 8

that species
evolve through use and disuse of body
parts and the inheritance of acquired
characteristics

Question 9

epigenetic inheritance

Answer 9

is the
inheritance of traits transmitted by
mechanisms not directly involving the
nucleotide sequence of a genome.

Question 10

Darwins first observation and inference

Answer 10

Observation: Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits
Inference: Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals

Question 11

Darwins second observation and inference

Answer 11

Observation: All species can produce more offspring than the environment can support, and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce
Inference: This unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulation of favorable traits in the population over generations

Question 12

Scientific evidence supporting evolution

Answer 12

• Direct observations
• Homology (anatomical and molecular homologies)
• The fossil record
• Biogeography: Pangea, Endemic species
• Comparative embryology

Question 13

Lineage

Answer 13

series of organisms connected by genetic information passed from one generation to the next

Question 14

Does individuals or Populations evolve

Answer 14

individuals do not evolve; populations

evolve over time