Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BOTANY > CHAPTER 23 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 23 Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Plants grow from regions called

A

Meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are tissues?

A

Similar cells that share the same function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is meristem

A

Region of active mitotic cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is meristem tissue?

A

Immature or juvenile tissue; a cell that is just beginning to differentiate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is mature tissues?

A

Tissues that are fully functional/differentiated for their genetically determined activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary meristem-> primary growth increases what?

A

Height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secondary meristem-> secondary growth increases what?

A

Width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of primary meristems?

A 
Apical meristems(shoot and root tips) 
Intercalary meristems(near nodes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Protoderm matures to become?

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ground meristem matures to become

A

Root- cortex and endodermis
Stem- cortex and pith or ground tissue
Leaf- mesophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pro cambium matures to become?

A

Primary xylem and primary phloem

In roots-pericycle and any pith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epidermal tissue is

A

Outer most layer(s) of an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epidermal cells do not have

A

Chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Epidermal cells secretes?

A

The wax cutin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Guard cells have

A

Chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cortex is the region

A

Between the epidermis and vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The pith is

A

Ground tissue, parenchyma in the center of the root or stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mesophyll is

A

The ground tissue, parenchyma in the middle of a lead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three ground tissues?

A

Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parenchyma structure-

A

Polygon with equal faces, living at maturity, thin cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parenchyma functions-

A

Storage of food/water, filler tissue, photosynthesis(chlorenchyma), healing regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Collenchyma structure-

A

Rectangular, living at maturity, irregularly thickens cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Collenchyma function

A

Flexible support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sclerenchyma structure-

A

Various shapes–fibers, stone cells and astrosclerids. Dead at maturity. Almost no interior space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Sclerenchyma function
Rigid support, protection.
25
The function of companion cells is thought to be:
Delivery of substances to sieve-tube elements
26
The cuticle of the epidermis consists mainly of:
Cutin and wax
27
Apical meristems consist of:
Initials and their immediate derivatives
28
What three overlapping processes are involved in development?
Growth, morphogenesis, differentiation
29
Annular and helical thickenings in secondary cell walls are characteristic of
Both tracheids and vessel elements
30
____ is a type of ground tissue composed of cells having thick, often lignified secondary cell walls
Sclerenchyma
31
The tissue that makes up the pith and cortex is
Parenchyma
32
Trichomes are
Appendages of epidermal cells
33
A mature siege element does NOT normally have:
A nucleus
34
Vessel Elements structure
Dead at maturity, a stack of vessel elements is called a vessel
35
Vessel elements function
Translocation of water basically upward
36
Tracheids structure:
Dead at maturity
37
Tracheids function
Translocation of water basically upward
38
Sclerenchyma fibers structure
Very long and narrow with almost closed tapering end walls
39
Sclerenchyma fibers function
Support
40
Parenchyma structure
Thin walled, square to rectangular
41
Parenchyma function
Storage
42
Sieve tube elements structure
Longer and wider, no nucleus, little cytosol, end wall with holes called sieve plate
43
A stack of sieve tube elements is called
A sieve tube
44
Sieve tube element function
Translocation of food basically downward
45
Companion cell structure
Shorter and narrower, with a nucleus and cytosol, end walls just like side walls
46
Companion cell function
Control the sieve tube elements function
47
Sieve tube elements and companion cells are
Sister cell from the same mitotic division
48
Sieve cell and albumious cells are NOT
Sister cells
49
Sieve cell and albumious cells are found
In gymnosperms
50
Sieve cells and albumious cells function
Similar to sieve tube element and companion cells
51
Secondary meristems
Result in an increase in plant width
52
What are the two types of secondary meristem
Vascular cambium and cork cambium
53
Vascular cambium is found
Between xylem and phloem
54
Cork cambium arises in
Cortex
55
Vascular cambium structure
Flat rectangular cells, living at maturity
56
Vascular cambium function
To produce * secondary phloem to the outside * secondary xylem to inside
57
4 cells that secondary xylem are composed of
Vessel elements Tracheids Parenchyma Sclerenchyma
58
Where does secondary xylem arise
From vascular cambium
59
4 cells that secondary phloem are composed of
Sieve tube elements/cells Companion cells/albuminous cells Parenchyma Sclerenchyma
60
Where does secondary phloem arise
From vascular cambium
61
3 cells that periderm are composed of
Cork or phellos Cork cambium/phellogen Phelloderm/parenchyma
62
Where does periderm arise
From parenchyma in the cortex
63
The periderm replaces the
Epidermis •outer layer of bark
64
Cork structure
Rectangular cells Dead at maturity Cells walls coated with Suberin
65
Cork function
Protection | Water loss barrier
66
Cork cambium structure
Flat rectangular cells | Living at maturity
67
Cork cambium function
Produce •cork to the outside •phelloderm to the inside
68
Phelloderm structure
Rectangular to oval | Living at maturity
69
Phelloderm function
De-differentiate to become new layers of cork cambium/ filler
70
Plant organs
Roots Stems Leaves
71
Plant organ systems
Root system Shoot system Flower

BOTANY (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions