chapter 23: gene expression - translation + mutations

Question 1

first amino acid is always?

Answer 1

methionine

Question 2

large subunit of rRNA catalyzes..

Answer 2

peptide bond between amino acids

Question 3

location of translation

Answer 3

depends on final destination of protein

Question 4

posttranslational processing

Answer 4

• proteins being modified after synthesis
• phosphorylation, glycosylation, proteolysis (cleaving)

Question 5

prokaryotes gene structure

Answer 5

not usually interrupted by introns

Question 6

causes of mutations

Answer 6

DNA replication, spontaneous chemical changes, mutagens

Question 7

somatic mutations

Answer 7

occur in somatic cells; consequences for phenotype of individual but not passed to offspring

Question 8

germ line mutations

Answer 8

occur in gametes; ARE passed to offspring; can have consequences for future generations

Question 9

point mutations

Answer 9

changes to one nucleotide
- silent
- missense
- nonsense
- frameshift

Question 10

silent mutation

Answer 10

changes DNA bases but amino acid stays the same

Question 11

missense mutation

Answer 11

conservative - chemical property of new amino acid is same as original
- amino acid does change
- non conservative - chemical properties do change

Question 12

nonsense mutation

Answer 12

amino acid does change
sentence ended early

Question 13

frameshift mutation

Answer 13

• addition or deletion of a DNA base
• changes how mRNA is read
• can have more significant effects