Chapter 23: Venous testing

Question 1

findings of DVT

Answer 1

swelling
pain
redness
warmth

Question 2

differential diagnosis of DVT include

Answer 2

muscle strain
injury 
muscle tear
bakers cyst
cellulitis
lymphagitis
heart failure
extrinsic compression

Question 3

Most common finding of chronic venous disease

Answer 3

swelling
heaviness
discoloration
ulcers
varicosities

Question 4

edema

Answer 4

fluid accumulation

induration of tissue

Question 5

ereythema

Answer 5

redness, inflammation

cellulitis

Question 6

brownish discoloration of skin

Answer 6

brawny

venous stasis leg to ankle area (gaiter zone)

Question 7

pallor

Answer 7

arterial spasms

called phlegmasia alba dolens

Question 8

cyanosis

Answer 8

severely reduced venous outflow from iliofemoral thrombosis

phlegmasia cerulea dolens

Question 9

phlegmasia alba dolens

Answer 9

arterial spasm due to iliofemoral thrombosis

Question 10

phlegmasia cerulea dolens

Answer 10

cyanosis due to severely reduced venous outflow from iliofemoral thrombosis

Question 11

venous ulcer location

Answer 11

near medial malleolus

Question 12

arterial ulcer location

Answer 12

tibial area
toes
bony prominence

Question 13

venous ulcer appearance

Answer 13

shallow

irregular in shape

Question 14

arterial ulcer appearance

Answer 14

deep
regular shape
punched out appearance

Question 15

venous ulcer skin changes

Answer 15

inflammation
infection
brawny discoloration
varicosities
lipodermatosclerosis

Question 16

arterial ulcers skin changes

Answer 16

dryness
scaly
atrophy
shiny skin
loss of hair
thickened toenails

Question 17

venous ulcer pain

Answer 17

mild

Question 18

arterial ulcer pain

Answer 18

severe

Question 19

venous ulcers and bleeding

Answer 19

venous ooze

Question 20

arterial ulcers and bleeding

Answer 20

little

Question 21

pitting edema

Answer 21

fluid in subcutaneous tissue

depression of skin surface with manual pressure

Question 22

pitting edema causes

Answer 22

fluid retention
CHF
elevated venous pressure

Question 23

lymphadema

Answer 23

fluid accumulations when lymph nodes and vessels are removed of damaged
seen after cancer surgery
non pitting edema

Question 24

virchows triad

Answer 24

trauma to vessel/endothelial vessel
venous stasis
hypercoadulability

Question 25

paget schroetter syndrome (trauma to vessel)

Answer 25

stress/effort thrombosis axillary or subclavian vein venous component of TOS

Question 26

venous stasis

Answer 26

``` immobility obesity pregnancy previous dvt extrinsic compression ```

Question 27

superior vena cava syndrome

Answer 27

obstruction (neoplasm, lines) edema and engorgement of vessels evident pt may cough/ SOB flow in UE remains the same during inspiration (continuous flow)

Question 28

hypercoagulability

Answer 28

``` protein deficiencies pregnancy cancer hormones estrogen intake ```

Question 29

intraluminal thrombi frequently begin at

Answer 29

valve cusps | soleal sinus

Question 30

chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 30

stretching of walls due to DVT results in damage to valves | increased venous pressure causes flow changes

Question 31

Post-phlebitis syndrome

Answer 31

chronic flow changes result in persistent edema, stasis, pain may lead to ulceration

Question 32

valvular incompetence

Answer 32

valves no longer maintain unidirectional flow | calf muscle pump no longer forces blood towards heart or from superficial system to deep

Question 33

results of valvular incompetence

Answer 33

increase pressure/venous hypertension varicosities fluid may leak into surrounding fluid causing brawny appearance ulceration

Question 34

ambulatory venous hypertension is

Answer 34

increasing pressure when patient stands or walks

Question 35

primary varicose veins

Answer 35

dilated secondary to valvular incompetence of superficial system deep system intact

Question 36

secondary varicose veins

Answer 36

dilated veins caused by incompetence of superficial system results from deep venous obstruction deep system not intact

Question 37

portal hypertension is

Answer 37

elevated venous pressure from obstruction of blood flow

Question 38

portal hypertension may result in

Answer 38

reverse flow in portal vein and increased portal venous pressure that impedes blood flow into liver

Question 39

klippel-trenaunay

Answer 39

multiple varicosities of superifical system | hypoplastic or absent deep veins

Question 40

renal cell carcinoma

Answer 40

MC renal mass in adults | most common cause of IVC tumor