Chapter 24 Flashcards
Nutrition and Metabolism
40 molecules of nutrients obtained thru diet because the body is unable to supply so much so quickly
Essential nutrients
Vitamins fall under the category ____ because small amounts are required. They primarily aid in helping the body use ____.
micronutrients; nutrients
____ act with an enzyme to accomplish a particular chemical task
coenzymes
Describe the difference between anabolism and catabolism
Anabolism - builds up molecules and requires energy
Catabolism - breaks down molecules and releases energy
Define: glycogenesis
Generation of glycogen from glucose
Define: gluconeogenesis
Generation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
Breakdown of stored fats into glycerol and fatty acids, a process accelerated by poor carbohydrate intake
Lypolysis
Ketone bodies / ketones form when the ____ converts acetyl coA, which is released into the ____
liver; blood
Conservation of glucose when food is not available, meaning increase in using noncarbohydrates as fuel
glucose sharing
Define: beta oxidation
conversion of fatty acids to acetyl coA, which occurs in the mitochondria resulting in 2 carbon fragments and reduced FAD & NAD+
Identify the factors that influence basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Age, gender, body temp, stress, and throxine
Phenylketonuria is the most common genetic disorder of ____. Cells are unable to use amino acid, ____.
metabolism; phenylalanine
Explain how the hypothalamus regulates hunger and body temperature
Hunger: hypothalamus releases peptides that
Temp: central and peripheral thermoreceptors regulate the heat-loss and heat-promoting centers
What are the metabolic functions of the liver?
- Process nearly every class of nutrient
- Play major role in regulating plasma cholesterol levels
- Store vitamins and minerals
- Metabolize alcohol, drugs, hormones, and bilirubin
A person’s BMI for overweight ranges from __ - __ and to be considered obese the BMI must be over __
25-30; 30
