Chapter 24 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Name some micronutrients and their functions
Micronutrients help manufacture, repair, and maintain cells.
Examples include vitamins and minerals.
Name some sources of simple carbohydrates
Simple sugars occur mainly in:
* corn syrup
* honey
* milk
* table sugar
* molasses
* sugar cane
* sugar beets
* fruits
These are often easily digestible sugars.
Name some sources of complex carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates occur in:
* vegetables
* bread
* cereals
* pasta
* grains
* legumes
These provide longer-lasting energy.
What are complete proteins and where do they come from?
Complete proteins come mostly from animal sources:
* meat
* poultry
* fish
* eggs
* milk products
They contain all essential amino acids.
What are incomplete proteins and where do they come from?
Incomplete proteins come from plant sources:
* grains
* nuts
* legumes
* seeds
* vegetables
They can be combined to make complete proteins.
Name some sources of saturated fats
Saturated fats occur in:
* pork
* beef
* poultry
* seafood
* egg yolk
* dairy products
* coconut
* palm oil
These fats are typically solid at room temperature.
Name some sources of unsaturated fats
Unsaturated fats from plants occur in:
* olive oil
* vegetable oil
* avocados
These fats are typically liquid at room temperature.
What are some macronutrients?
Macronutrients include:
* carbohydrates
* proteins
* fats
* water
These are required in larger amounts.
What are fat-soluble vitamins?
Fat-soluble vitamins include:
* A
* D
* E
* K
They are stored in the liver and adipose tissue.
What are water-soluble vitamins?
Water-soluble vitamins include:
* vitamin C
* B complex vitamins
They are not stored and need to be consumed regularly.
What are macro minerals?
Macro minerals are required in 100 mg per day and include:
* calcium
* magnesium
* phosphorus
* potassium
* sodium
These are essential for various bodily functions.
What are trace minerals?
Trace minerals include:
* copper
* iodine
* fluoride
* iron
* zinc
These are required in smaller amounts.
What is the importance of water intake?
Water makes up ½ of the weight of an average human and acts as:
* transport medium
* temperature regulator
* lubricant
* catalyst for biochemical reactions
Adequate hydration is crucial for health.
What is the recommended daily water intake for females and males?
Recommended daily water intake:
* 2.7L for females
* 3.7L for males
These values may vary based on activity level and climate.
Explain what BMI is.
BMI stands for Body Mass Index, a method of assessing body composition.
It is calculated using weight and height.
What is the normal range for BMI?
Normal BMI range is 18.5-24.9
Values outside this range may indicate underweight or overweight.
What does NPO stand for in dietary terms?
NPO means nothing by mouth.
This is often prescribed before surgery or certain medical tests.
Describe a regular diet in medical terms.
Regular diet has no restrictions of any kind.
It includes a normal variety of foods.
What is a full liquid diet?
A full liquid diet allows any food at room temperature that is liquid.
This includes soups, juices, and smoothies.
What is a clear liquid diet?
A clear liquid diet includes:
* water
* coffee
* tea
* juice
It is often used before procedures.
What is a mechanical soft diet?
A mechanical soft diet includes soft vegetables, fruits, chopped/ground/shredded meat, bread, pastries, eggs, and cheese.
This is for patients with chewing difficulties.
What is a pureed diet?
A pureed diet consists of blended foods.
This is often used for individuals with swallowing difficulties.
What does CBC stand for and its relevance?
CBC stands for complete blood count and monitors for deficiencies.
It helps assess overall health and detect various disorders.
What is albumin and its significance?
Albumin is synthesized in the liver and constitutes 60% of the body’s total protein.
Low levels may indicate malnutrition or liver disease.
