Chapter 31

Question 1

Why do we need to sleep?

Answer 1

Sleep is needed for bodily restoration and healing. It affects almost every tissue in our body, regulates energy metabolism, improves learning and adaptation, reduces stress and anxiety, and decreases sensitivity to pain in older patients. Sleep and illness are interrelated.

Question 2

How much sleep do different age groups need?

Answer 2

Age Group and Hours Per Day:
* Newborns (Birth – 4 wks): 15-18 hrs
* Infants (4wks – 1yr): 12-16 hrs
* Toddlers (1-2yrs): 11-14 hrs
* Preschoolers (3-6yrs): 10-13 hrs
* Middle & Late Childhood (6-12yrs): 9-12 hrs
* Adolescents (12-18yrs): 8-10 hrs
* Young & Middle-Adults (18-64yrs): 7-8 hrs
* Older Adults (65yr & older): 7-9 hrs

Question 3

What are the stages of sleep?

Answer 3

The stages of sleep are REM and Non-REM.
* REM – rapid eye movement; essential for mental and emotional restoration, dreams occur, and loss impairs memory and learning.
* Non-REM – non-rapid eye movement; muscles relax, heart rate slows, and important for memory consolidation.

Question 4

What factors affect sleep?

Answer 4

Factors affecting sleep include:
* Sleep disorders – disruption in normal sleeping patterns
* Dyssomnias – characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness
* Parasomnias – patterns of waking behavior while asleep

Question 5

What is a dyssomnia?

Answer 5

Dyssomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness, causing significant distress, occurring at least 3 nights per week, and lasting for 3 months or longer.

Question 6

What are some examples of sleep-provoked disorders?

Answer 6

Examples of sleep-provoked disorders include:
* Coronary artery disease
* Asthma
* COPD
* Diabetes
* Gastrointestinal ulcers
* Epilepsy

Question 7

What should nursing care focus on regarding sleep?

Answer 7

Nursing care should focus on:
* Usual sleeping pattern
* Sleeping environment
* Bedtime routines/rituals
* Sleep aids
* Sleep changes or problems
* Sleep diary

Question 8

What is a non-prescription medication for sleep?

Answer 8

An example of a non-prescription medication is diphenhydramine, an antihistamine (Benadryl) that can induce drowsiness.

Question 9

What are non-benzodiazepine prescription drugs?

Answer 9

Non-benzodiazepine drugs selectively target specific receptors, have a short half-life, and do not cause daytime sleepiness. Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headaches, and an unpleasant taste.

Question 10

True or False: REM sleep is essential for physical restoration.

Answer 10

False. REM sleep is essential for mental and emotional restoration.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The two main stages of sleep are ______ and Non-REM.

Answer 11

REM