Chapter 24 and 25 Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
Breaking Down of food into small fragments
A
Digestion
2
Q
Taking In of food
A
Ingestion
3
Q
Cells of the pancreas that produce hormones
A
Pancreatic islets
4
Q
The Passage of Small Molecules from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood
A
Absorption
5
Q
The Elimination of Indigestible substances from the anus
A
Excretion
6
Q
The Release of Water and other substances into the digestive tract
A
Secretion
7
Q
Gastrointestinal tract layer contains the Muscularis Mucosae
A
Submucosa
8
Q
Gastrointestinal tract layer contains the Myenteric Plexus
A
Muscularis Externa
9
Q
Gastrointestinal tract layer contains the Submucosal Plexus
A
Submucosa
10
Q
Gastrointestinal tract layer Faces the lumen
A
Mucosa
11
Q
Gastrointestinal tract layer Covers the GI tract
A
Serosa
12
Q
Layer of the Muscularis Externa provides the motility of the tract
A
Longitudinal Muscle
13
Q
layer of the muscularis externa controls passage of material through the tract
A
Circular muscle layer
14
Q
Layer of the GI tract innervated by the Myenteric Plexus
A
Muscularis externa
15
Q
Layer of the GI tract is innervated by the Submucosal Plexus
A
Muscularis mucosae
16
Q
Layer lines the Wall of the abdominopelvic cavity
A
Parietal
17
Q
Layer lines the External surfaces of the abdominopelvic organs
A
Visceral
18
Q
Fold of mucosa that attaches the Lips to the gums
A
Labial frenulum
19
Q
Fold of mucosa that attaches the Tongue to the floor of the mouth
A
Lingual frenulum
20
Q
The Space of the mouth located between the cheeks and lips and gums and teeth
A
Oral Cavity Proper
21
Q
Part of the tooth that contains the Pulp Cavity
A
Dentin
22
Q
Mucosal membrane that lines the external surface of the Tooth Sockets
A
Gingivae
23
Q
Lines the internal surface of the tooth sockets and Binds the Tooth
A
Peridontal Ligament
24
Q
Structures that house the teeth
A
Alveolar Process
25
Region of the tooth is visible Above the Level of the Gums
Crown
26
Region of the tooth Embedded in the Tooth Socket
Root
27
Region of the tooth is a Constricted line between the top and bottom regions
Neck
28
Number of Adult teeth in each quadrant
8
29
Number of Baby teeth in each quadrant
5
30
Tooth lies between the Central Incisor and canine
Lateral Incisor
31
Tooth lies in between First Premolar and first molar
2nd Premolar
32
Tooth lies in between the first premolar and Lateral incisor
canine/cuspid
33
Tooth lies in between the Second premolar and second molar
First molar
34
Covers the Dentin of the crown
Enamel
35
Covers the dentin of the tooth root
Cementum
36
The opening between the oral cavity and oropharynx
Fauces
37
Muscle of the Soft Palate connects the uvula to the Tongue
Palatoglossal arch
38
Muscle of the Soft Palate connects the uvula to the Throat
Palatopharyngeal arch
39
Has an effect on the tongue that Alters Shape and size for speech and swallowing
Intrinsic muscles
40
Has an effect on the tongue that Moves it Side to Side and in and Out
Extrinsic muscles
41
Papillae of the tongue that is Mushroom shaped and contain most of the taste buds
Fungiform papillae
42
Papillae of the tongue that are arranged in an inverted "V" and contain taste buds
Circumvallate papillae
43
Papillae of the tongue that are Conical and cover most of the tongue
Filiform papillae
44
Salivary gland located near the ear and has its secretions carried through a Duct which Empties into the vestibule
Parotid
45
Salivary gland is located near the base of the tongue and has its secretions Carried through a Duct which empties into the oral cavity lateral to the lingual frenulum
Submandibular duct
46
salivary amylase breaks it down
polysaccharides
47
salivary lipase breaks it down
tryglicerides
48
the pharyngeal stage of deglutition moves the bolus from the pharynx into the...
esophagus
49
the voluntary stage of deglutition moves the bolus into the...
oropharynx
50
the esophageal stage of deglutition moves the bolus into the...
stomach
51
allows the bolus to enter the esophagus
upper esophageal sphincter
52
allows the bolus to enter the stomach
lower esophageal sphincter
53
region of the stomach that contains a sphincter for passage of the chyme into the duodenum
pylorus region
54
region of the stomach that surrounds the superior opening of the stomach
cardia region
55
region of the stomach that is the site of the main mixing action
body region
56
region of the stomach that is mainly a storage area
fundus region
57
a thin liquid formed from the broken down bolus mixed with the gastric juices
chyme
58
gastric gland cell secretes pepsinogen
cheif cells
59
gastric gland cell secretes mucus
mucous neck cells
60
gastric gland cell secretes HCl
parietal cells
61
HCl and pepsin activate...
pepsinogen
62
peptin breaks down...
peptide bonds
63
gastric lipase breaks down...
tryglicerides
64
the right and left hepatic duct join to form the...
Common hepatic duct
65
common hepatic duct and the cystic duct join to form
common bile duct
66
drains the gallbladder
cystic duct
67
drains the pancreas
pancreatic duct
68
finger like mucosal projections in the small intestine
villi
69
rhythmic localized constriction caused by circular muscle contractions
segmentation
70
the sphincter that separates the last part of the small intestine with the first part of the large intestine
ileocecal valve
71
colon attached to the rectum
sigmoid colon
72
is the sold remains after water absorption from chyme
feces
73
principal pigment in bile
bilurubin
74
bile pigment formed by bacteria
urobilinogen
75
brush border in the small intestine
microvilli
76
colon located on the right side of the abdomen
ascending
77
colon located on the left side of the abdomen
descending
78
the defecation reflex is stimulated by this autonomic nerve
parasympathetic sacral nn
79
gut brain hormones secreted by the endocrine cells of the GI tract stimulate...
hypothalamus
80
ghrelin is secreted by parietal cells in...
fundus of stomach
81
secreted by cells of the ileum and colon
peptide yy
82
secreted by cells of the duodenum and jejunum
cholecystokinin
83
stimulates hypothalamus to release HGH releasing hormones
ghrelin
84
the long term regulators of appetite
leptin and insulin
85
fats
= 9 kcal
86
carb and protein
= 4 kcal each
87
nutrients that cannot be produced by the body
essential nutrients
88
nutrients consumed in large amounts. Ex. proteins, fats, carbs
macronutrients
89
nutrients needed in small amounts. Ex. minerals and vitamins
micronutrients
90
chains containing repeating 2 sugar units. Ex. sucrose, maltose, lactose
disaccharides
91
decreases blood cholesterol and LDL levels. EX. folic acid, B12, riboflavin
water soluble fiber
92
absorbs water in intestines, softens stool, gives it bulk, speeds transit time. EX. vitamins A, D, E, K
water insoluble fiber
93
carries large amounts of cholesterol in the blood
serum lipoprotein
94
high levels of this lipoprotein correlates with cholesterol being deposited in the arteries
LDL
95
high levels of this lipoprotein correlates with cholesterol being removed from the arteries
HDL
96
are synthesized by the body
fatty acids
97
children ingest more nitrogen than they can excrete
positive nitrogen balance
98
body proteins being broken down for fuel (muscle atrophy)
negative nitrogen balance
99
water soluble vitamins
vitamin c and b
100
produces 2 molecules of ATP and in the absence of oxygen produces lactic acid as its end product
glycolysis
101
electron transport chain takes place here and produces 36 ATPs
mitochondrial membrane
102
synthesis of glycogen
Glycogenesis
103
breaking down of glycogen
glycogenolysis
104
synthesis of glucose from a noncarbohydrate
gluconeogenesis
105
formation of ketone bodies
ketogenesis
106
the synthesis of lipids from amino acids
lipogenesis
107
breaking down of lipids for energy
lipolysis
108
heat loss transfers body heat
radiation
109
heat loss transfers body heat into the surrounding air
conduction
110
part of the brain that controls thermoregulation
hypothalamus
111
muscle spasms due to electrolyte imbalace from excessive sweating
heat cramps
112
exposure to excessive heat
hyperthermia
113
severe electrolyte imbalance producing fainting and dizziness
heat exhaustion
114
body temperature greater than 104 F
heat stroke
