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ANP 2 > Chapter 24 and 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 and 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Breaking Down of food into small fragments

A

Digestion

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2
Q

Taking In of food

A

Ingestion

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3
Q

Cells of the pancreas that produce hormones

A

Pancreatic islets

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4
Q

The Passage of Small Molecules from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood

A

Absorption

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5
Q

The Elimination of Indigestible substances from the anus

A

Excretion

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6
Q

The Release of Water and other substances into the digestive tract

A

Secretion

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7
Q

Gastrointestinal tract layer contains the Muscularis Mucosae

A

Submucosa

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8
Q

Gastrointestinal tract layer contains the Myenteric Plexus

A

Muscularis Externa

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9
Q

Gastrointestinal tract layer contains the Submucosal Plexus

A

Submucosa

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10
Q

Gastrointestinal tract layer Faces the lumen

A

Mucosa

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11
Q

Gastrointestinal tract layer Covers the GI tract

A

Serosa

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12
Q

Layer of the Muscularis Externa provides the motility of the tract

A

Longitudinal Muscle

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13
Q

layer of the muscularis externa controls passage of material through the tract

A

Circular muscle layer

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14
Q

Layer of the GI tract innervated by the Myenteric Plexus

A

Muscularis externa

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15
Q

Layer of the GI tract is innervated by the Submucosal Plexus

A

Muscularis mucosae

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16
Q

Layer lines the Wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Parietal

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17
Q

Layer lines the External surfaces of the abdominopelvic organs

A

Visceral

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18
Q

Fold of mucosa that attaches the Lips to the gums

A

Labial frenulum

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19
Q

Fold of mucosa that attaches the Tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

Lingual frenulum

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20
Q

The Space of the mouth located between the cheeks and lips and gums and teeth

A

Oral Cavity Proper

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21
Q

Part of the tooth that contains the Pulp Cavity

A

Dentin

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22
Q

Mucosal membrane that lines the external surface of the Tooth Sockets

A

Gingivae

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23
Q

Lines the internal surface of the tooth sockets and Binds the Tooth

A

Peridontal Ligament

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24
Q

Structures that house the teeth

A

Alveolar Process

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25
Q

Region of the tooth is visible Above the Level of the Gums

A

Crown

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26
Q

Region of the tooth Embedded in the Tooth Socket

A

Root

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27
Q

Region of the tooth is a Constricted line between the top and bottom regions

A

Neck

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28
Q

Number of Adult teeth in each quadrant

A

8

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29
Q

Number of Baby teeth in each quadrant

A

5

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30
Q

Tooth lies between the Central Incisor and canine

A

Lateral Incisor

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31
Q

Tooth lies in between First Premolar and first molar

A

2nd Premolar

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32
Q

Tooth lies in between the first premolar and Lateral incisor

A

canine/cuspid

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33
Q

Tooth lies in between the Second premolar and second molar

A

First molar

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34
Q

Covers the Dentin of the crown

A

Enamel

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35
Q

Covers the dentin of the tooth root

A

Cementum

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36
Q

The opening between the oral cavity and oropharynx

A

Fauces

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37
Q

Muscle of the Soft Palate connects the uvula to the Tongue

A

Palatoglossal arch

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38
Q

Muscle of the Soft Palate connects the uvula to the Throat

A

Palatopharyngeal arch

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39
Q

Has an effect on the tongue that Alters Shape and size for speech and swallowing

A

Intrinsic muscles

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40
Q

Has an effect on the tongue that Moves it Side to Side and in and Out

A

Extrinsic muscles

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41
Q

Papillae of the tongue that is Mushroom shaped and contain most of the taste buds

A

Fungiform papillae

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42
Q

Papillae of the tongue that are arranged in an inverted “V” and contain taste buds

A

Circumvallate papillae

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43
Q

Papillae of the tongue that are Conical and cover most of the tongue

A

Filiform papillae

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44
Q

Salivary gland located near the ear and has its secretions carried through a Duct which Empties into the vestibule

A

Parotid

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45
Q

Salivary gland is located near the base of the tongue and has its secretions Carried through a Duct which empties into the oral cavity lateral to the lingual frenulum

A

Submandibular duct

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46
Q

salivary amylase breaks it down

A

polysaccharides

47
Q

salivary lipase breaks it down

A

tryglicerides

48
Q

the pharyngeal stage of deglutition moves the bolus from the pharynx into the…

A

esophagus

49
Q

the voluntary stage of deglutition moves the bolus into the…

A

oropharynx

50
Q

the esophageal stage of deglutition moves the bolus into the…

A

stomach

51
Q

allows the bolus to enter the esophagus

A

upper esophageal sphincter

52
Q

allows the bolus to enter the stomach

A

lower esophageal sphincter

53
Q

region of the stomach that contains a sphincter for passage of the chyme into the duodenum

A

pylorus region

54
Q

region of the stomach that surrounds the superior opening of the stomach

A

cardia region

55
Q

region of the stomach that is the site of the main mixing action

A

body region

56
Q

region of the stomach that is mainly a storage area

A

fundus region

57
Q

a thin liquid formed from the broken down bolus mixed with the gastric juices

A

chyme

58
Q

gastric gland cell secretes pepsinogen

A

cheif cells

59
Q

gastric gland cell secretes mucus

A

mucous neck cells

60
Q

gastric gland cell secretes HCl

A

parietal cells

61
Q

HCl and pepsin activate…

A

pepsinogen

62
Q

peptin breaks down…

A

peptide bonds

63
Q

gastric lipase breaks down…

A

tryglicerides

64
Q

the right and left hepatic duct join to form the…

A

Common hepatic duct

65
Q

common hepatic duct and the cystic duct join to form

A

common bile duct

66
Q

drains the gallbladder

A

cystic duct

67
Q

drains the pancreas

A

pancreatic duct

68
Q

finger like mucosal projections in the small intestine

A

villi

69
Q

rhythmic localized constriction caused by circular muscle contractions

A

segmentation

70
Q

the sphincter that separates the last part of the small intestine with the first part of the large intestine

A

ileocecal valve

71
Q

colon attached to the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

72
Q

is the sold remains after water absorption from chyme

A

feces

73
Q

principal pigment in bile

A

bilurubin

74
Q

bile pigment formed by bacteria

A

urobilinogen

75
Q

brush border in the small intestine

A

microvilli

76
Q

colon located on the right side of the abdomen

A

ascending

77
Q

colon located on the left side of the abdomen

A

descending

78
Q

the defecation reflex is stimulated by this autonomic nerve

A

parasympathetic sacral nn

79
Q

gut brain hormones secreted by the endocrine cells of the GI tract stimulate…

A

hypothalamus

80
Q

ghrelin is secreted by parietal cells in…

A

fundus of stomach

81
Q

secreted by cells of the ileum and colon

A

peptide yy

82
Q

secreted by cells of the duodenum and jejunum

A

cholecystokinin

83
Q

stimulates hypothalamus to release HGH releasing hormones

A

ghrelin

84
Q

the long term regulators of appetite

A

leptin and insulin

85
Q

fats

A

= 9 kcal

86
Q

carb and protein

A

= 4 kcal each

87
Q

nutrients that cannot be produced by the body

A

essential nutrients

88
Q

nutrients consumed in large amounts. Ex. proteins, fats, carbs

A

macronutrients

89
Q

nutrients needed in small amounts. Ex. minerals and vitamins

A

micronutrients

90
Q

chains containing repeating 2 sugar units. Ex. sucrose, maltose, lactose

A

disaccharides

91
Q

decreases blood cholesterol and LDL levels. EX. folic acid, B12, riboflavin

A

water soluble fiber

92
Q

absorbs water in intestines, softens stool, gives it bulk, speeds transit time. EX. vitamins A, D, E, K

A

water insoluble fiber

93
Q

carries large amounts of cholesterol in the blood

A

serum lipoprotein

94
Q

high levels of this lipoprotein correlates with cholesterol being deposited in the arteries

A

LDL

95
Q

high levels of this lipoprotein correlates with cholesterol being removed from the arteries

A

HDL

96
Q

are synthesized by the body

A

fatty acids

97
Q

children ingest more nitrogen than they can excrete

A

positive nitrogen balance

98
Q

body proteins being broken down for fuel (muscle atrophy)

A

negative nitrogen balance

99
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

vitamin c and b

100
Q

produces 2 molecules of ATP and in the absence of oxygen produces lactic acid as its end product

A

glycolysis

101
Q

electron transport chain takes place here and produces 36 ATPs

A

mitochondrial membrane

102
Q

synthesis of glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

103
Q

breaking down of glycogen

A

glycogenolysis

104
Q

synthesis of glucose from a noncarbohydrate

A

gluconeogenesis

105
Q

formation of ketone bodies

A

ketogenesis

106
Q

the synthesis of lipids from amino acids

A

lipogenesis

107
Q

breaking down of lipids for energy

A

lipolysis

108
Q

heat loss transfers body heat

A

radiation

109
Q

heat loss transfers body heat into the surrounding air

A

conduction

110
Q

part of the brain that controls thermoregulation

A

hypothalamus

111
Q

muscle spasms due to electrolyte imbalace from excessive sweating

A

heat cramps

112
Q

exposure to excessive heat

A

hyperthermia

113
Q

severe electrolyte imbalance producing fainting and dizziness

A

heat exhaustion

114
Q

body temperature greater than 104 F

A

heat stroke

ANP 2 (6 decks)

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