Chapter 25

Question 1

A system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

Answer 1

Mid-ocean ridge

Question 2

A long, narrow depression

Answer 2

rift valley

Question 3

The boundary where two plates collide

Answer 3

Convergent plate boundary

Question 4

When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent

Answer 4

Subduction

Question 5

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart

Answer 5

Divergent plate boundary

Question 6

A type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

Answer 6

Transform plate boundary

Question 7

The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust called faults

Answer 7

Earthquake

Question 8

A crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved

Answer 8

A fault

Question 9

The sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault

Answer 9

Elastic rebound

Question 10

The point of origin for an earthquake

Answer 10

Focus

Question 11

The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus

Answer 11

Epicenter

Question 12

Who came up with the continent drift theory? (hypothesis)

Answer 12

Alfred Wegener
large land animal fossils
mountain ranges matched up with same rock time and ages
closeline matched up

Question 13

What was the name of the supercontinent?

Answer 13

Pangaea

Question 14

Who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis?

Answer 14

Harry Hess

Question 15

How did Harry Hess discovered the mid-ocean ridge?

Answer 15

Sonar

Question 16

Who discovered the MOR?

Answer 16

Harry Hess

Question 17

What are the types of plate boundaries?

Answer 17

Divergent boundary
convergent boundary
transform boundary

Question 18

How do convergent plate boundaries move?

Answer 18

Together

Question 19

Subduction zones occur with which type of plate boundary

Answer 19

a convergent plate boundary

Question 20

What two types of crust can be used with plate boundaries?

Answer 20

Oceanic crust and continental crust

Answer 21

Volcanos

Question 22

What type of crust must be present for volcanic activity to occur

Answer 22

oceanic

Question 23

How do divergent plate boundaries move?

Answer 23

They move away from eachother

Question 24

What are some examples of divergent plate boundaries?

Answer 24

1. MOR (both oceanic crust)

2. East African Rift (made of two continential crusts)

Question 25

How do transform plate boundaries move?

Answer 25

They slide past each other

Question 26

What is a specific example of a transform plate boundary?

Answer 26

San Andreas Fault (continential crust)

Question 27

What is a convection current?

Answer 27

1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises | 2. Magma cools down, becomes more dense, and sinks

Question 28

What are three forces that contribute to plate motion

Answer 28

Slab pull ridge push friction

Question 29

Which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

Answer 29

Divergent and transform

Question 30

Which plate boundary has deep earthquakes?

Answer 30

convergent

Question 31

What are the types of stress that can act upon rocks to cause movement?

Answer 31

Compression stress a tension stress a shear stress torsion stress

Question 32

What are the two types of deformation?

Answer 32

Elastic | Plastic

Question 33

What happens to the rock when elastic deformation happens?

Answer 33

The material goes back to its original shape

Question 34

What happens to the rock when plastic deformation happens?

Answer 34

The rock takes on a new shape

Question 35

How many types of seismic waves are there?

Answer 35

Primary waves secondary waves surface waves

Question 36

What type of seismic wave is the fastest?

Answer 36

primary wave

Question 37

What type of wave is a primary wave?

Answer 37

compression wave

Question 38

What type of materials can soundwaves pass through?

Answer 38

solids and liquids

Question 39

what type of wave is a secondary wave

Answer 39

transverse

Question 40

What types of material can s waves pass through?

Answer 40

only solids

Question 41

Which wave does the most damage?

Answer 41

surface wave

Question 42

What are the two scales that measure earthquakes

Answer 42

Richter magnitude | mercalli scale

Question 43

what does the richter scale measure

Answer 43

the amount of energy

Question 44

define rock

Answer 44

a rock is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass

Question 45

how are rocks identified

Answer 45

by composition and textured

Question 46

what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock

Answer 46

the shape, size, and arrangement of the rock's components

Question 47

where do intrusive igneous rocks form

Answer 47

within the earths crust

Question 48

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

Answer 48

magma

Question 49

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals

Answer 49

bowen's reactions series

Question 50

what are the three types of magma

Answer 50

matic, intermediate, fedsic

Question 51

which magma type has a low silica content

Answer 51

maphic

Question 52

which magma type has a high silica content

Answer 52

felsic

Question 53

which type of crust has an abundant amount of quarts

Answer 53

continental

Question 54

which type of crust had little to no quarts

Answer 54

oceanic crust and deep continetal

Question 55

which type of

Question 56

rocks are identified by their composition

Question 57

do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

Question 58

what are the two texture types of igneous rocks?

Answer 58

vesicular and porphyitical

Question 59

which rock has holes in it

Answer 59

vesicular

Question 60

which texture is the type of two different cooling rate

Answer 60

phorphoritic

Question 61

rock

Answer 61

pumice