Chapter 25 Fetal Face & Neck Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
Lateral wall of the orbit to the medial wall of the same orbit
A
ocular diameter
2
Q
Length between the orbits ; measured from the medial margin of one orbit to the medial margin of the other orbitchromosomes
A
interlocular diameter
3
Q
Measurement from the lateral margin of one orbit to the lateral margin of the other orbitlinked with abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations including trisomy 13 and trisomy 18
A
Binocular diameter
4
Q
Decrease in the size of the eye
A
Micropthalmia
5
Q
Absence of the eyes
A
Anopthalmia
6
Q
How does anopthlamia result
A
failure of the optic vesicle from
7
Q
increased distance between the orbits
A
hypertelelorism
8
Q
the abnormal development of the soft/and or hard palate of the mouth where there is a division in a palate
A
cleft palate
9
Q
fusion of the orbits
A
cyclopia
10
Q
a mass typically found I the neck region that is the result of an abnormal accumulation of lypmathic fluid within the soft tissue
A
cystic hygroma
11
Q
abrnomal swelling of a structure as a result of fluid collection
A
edema
12
Q
an oral teratoma
A
epignathus
13
Q
a condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits, associated with holoprosencephaly
A
ethmocephaly
14
Q
diffuse enlargement of the fetal thyroid gland
A
fetal goiter
15
Q
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities
A
fetla hydros
16
Q
a group of brain abnormalities. consisting of varying degrees of fusion of the lateral ventricles absence of the midline structure and associated facial anomalies
A
holoprosencephaly
17
Q
increase distance between the orbits widely space orbits
A
hypertelerosim
18
Q
reduced distance between the orbits
A
hypotelorism
19
Q
the length between the orbits measured from the media margin of one orbit to the medial margin of the other orbit
A
interocular diameter
20
Q
an unusual protuberance of the tongue
A
macroglossia
21
Q
a small mandible and recessed chin
A
micrigfnathia
22
Q
a decrease in the size of the eye
A
microphtalmia
23
Q
small ears
A
microtia
24
Q
posterior part or nape of there neck
A
nuchal
25
a collection of solid tissue on the posterior aspect of the fetal neck
nuchal fold
26
a measurement taken in the second trimester of the skin on the posterior aspect of the fetral neck
nuchal fold thickness
27
the anechoic space along the posterior aspect of the fetal neck
nuchal translucency
28
the measurement from the lateral margin of the orbit to the medial margin of the same orbit
ocular diameter
29
a tumor that typically consists of several germ layers
teratoma
30
beggnign congenital cysts located within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland and near the hyoid bone
thyroglossal duct cyst
31
a chromosomal aberration where one sec chromosome is absent, may also be referred to as monosomy X
turner syndrome
32
Macroglossia ___ is most commonly associated with
Beckweith - Wiedermann syndrome
33
Micrognathia is associated with what two Trisomies
Trisomy 13 and 18
34
Sonographic findings of a cystic hygroma ?
1. cystic mass divided in the midline by a thick fibrous band of tissue
2. The mass may contain smaller cystic areas with internal separations
35
The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly is ?
Trisomy 13
36
The fetal lip closes by ___
8 weeks
37
The most common cause of hypertelorism is
Anterior cepalocele
38
Cleft lip & cleft palate may exist with which of the following factors
1. amniotic band syndrome
2. holoprosencephaly
3. trisomy 13
39
The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is
Sagittal
40
A cystic hygroma is the result of
An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue
41
A cystic hygroma is found in all the following conditions except
-Edwards syndrome
-Hydrancephaly
-Turner Syndrome
-All of the above
Hydranencephaly
42
Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with
Down syndrome
43
Micrognathia ia condition found in
Trisomy 18
44
The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the
Neck
45
An unusal protuberance of the tongue is termed
Macroglossia
46
Facial anomalies when discovered should prompt the Sonographer to the analyze the brain closely for signs of
Holoprosencephaly
47
A large, mostly cystic mass is noted in the cervical spine region of the fetus. This most likely represents
Cystic hygroma
48
What is another name for Patau syndrome
Trisomy 13
49
Close-set and a nose with a single nostril is termed
Cebocephaly
50
An abnormal division in the lip is refereed to as
Cleft lips
51
WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR TRISOMY 21
DOWN SYNDROME
52
The thickness of the nuchal fold in the 2nd trimester should not exceed
6mm
53
All of the following are sonographic findings of holoprosencephaly except?
-cystic hygroma
-proboscis with cyclopia
-fused thalamus
-monoventricle
Cystic hygroma
54
The palate closes by
12 weeks
55
nuchal translucency is typically measured when?
between 11 and 14 weeks
56
nuchal fold is measured anywhere between ______ weeks and _____ weeks?
15-19 weeks
57
Congenital anomalies of the face affect 1 in ___ births
600
58
What are 5 congenital anomalies of the face ?
Cleft lip, hypotelorism , hypertelrosim, micrognathia, cleft palate
59
After how many weeks do we need to image the face as part of a routine protocol
after 12 weeks
60
What images can be taken in the coronal view
Orbits
Face
Nose/lips
61
WHat images can be taken in the transverse view
Orbits
62
What images can be taken in the long view
profile
63
Most common facial anomaly
cleft lip
64
is it hard to asses clef lip or cleft palate on u/s
cleft palate
65
The absence of the eyes is termed
66
The isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as
A. fetal goiter
B. cystic hygroma
C. lyphamgnioma
D. cervical teratoma
A
67
The absence of the eyes is termed;:
A. Agyria
B. Epignathus
C. Hypotelorism
D. Anophthalmia
D. Anophthalmia
D
68
A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as
A. Anophthalmia
B. Micrognathia
C. Hypertelorism
D. Hypotelorism
D. Hypotelorism
D
69
An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with:
A. Dandy walker syndrome
B. Trisomy 21
C. Trisomy 3
D. Nuchal cord
B
70
The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly:
A. Triploidy
B. Trisomy 21
C. Trisomy 18
D. Trisomy 13
D
71
What is the term for a smaller than normal ear?
A. Microphthalmia
B. Micronathia
C. Microtia
D. Micrognathia
C
72
The fetal lip typically closes by
A. 18 weeks
B. 8 weeks
C. 13 weeks
D. 6 weeks
B. 8 weeks
73
The most common cause of hypertelorism is:
A. Dandy-Walker malformation
B. Anencephaly
C. Anterior cephalocele
D. Holoprosencepphaly
C
74
Macroglossia is most commonly found with:
A. Anencephaly
B. Holoprosencephaly
C. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrom
D. Cystic hygroma
C
75
An oral teratoma is referred to as:
A. Macroglossia
B. Epignathus
C. Micrognathia
D. Ethmocephaly
B
76
There is a definite link between microtia and what syndrom?
A. Rays syndrome
B. VACTERL syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
C
77
Which of the following would be most difficult to detect sonographically?
A. Cleft lip and cleft palate
B. Isolated cleft lip
C. Isolation cleft palate
D. Isolated median cleft
C
78
An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as:
A. Hypotelorism
B. Hypertelorism
C. Anophthalmia
D. Micrognathia
B
79
The optimal scan plane to visualized micrognathia is:
A. Transverse
B. Axial
C. Sagittal
D. Coronal
C
80
A cystic hygroma is the result of:
A. Alcohol consumption in the first trimester
B. An abnormal developement of the roof of the fourth ventricle
C. Occlusion of the internal carotid arteries
D. An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue
D
81
Which of following would most likely involve the development of a cystic hygroma?
A. Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome
B. Hydranencephaly
C. Turner syndrome
D. Klinefelter syndrome
C
82
Which of the following may also be referred to as Turner syndrome?
A. Down syndrome
B. Trisomy 15
C. Trisomy 13
D. Trisomy X
D
83
Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with:
A. Patau syndrome
B.Hydranenceephaly
C. Down dyndrome
D. Cebocephaly
C
84
Micrognathia is a condition found in:
A) Dandy-Walker complex
B) Hydranencephaly
C) Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
D) Trisomy 18
D
85
The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the:
A. Axilla
B. Neck
C. Chest
D. Groin
B
86
An absent or hypoplastic nasal bone is most likely associated with:
A. Trisomy 21
B. Trisomy 15
C. Trisomy 18
D. Turner syndrome
A
87
An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed:
A) Epignathus
B) Macrognathia
C) Pharyngoglossia
D) Macroglossia
D
88
Facial anomalies, when discovered,should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of:
A. Holoprosencephaly
B. Dandy-Walker malformation
C. Schizencephaly
D. Hydranencephaly
A
89
The measurement obtained between the laterall walls of the orbits is referred to as the:
A. Interocular diameter
B. Binocular diameter
C. Ocular diameter
D. Biparietal diameter
B
90
Which of the following is a benign congenital neck cyst found most often near the angle of the mandible?
A. Epignathus
B. Brachial cleft cyst
C. Thyroglossal duct cyst
D. Fetal goiter
B
91
A large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline sectarian is noted in the cervical spine region of the fetus. This must likely represents a(n):
A. Sacrococcygeal terstoma
B. Cystic hygroma
C. Cephocele
D. Anophthalmia
B
92
a group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is:
A. Cystic hygroma
B. Edward's syndrome
C. Ethmocephaly
D. Amniotic band syndrome
D
93
A growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is:
A. Klinefelter syndrome
B. Apert syndrome
C. Meckle-Gruber syndrome
D. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
D
94
Which of the following is also referred to as Patau syndrome
A. Trisomy 18
B. Trisomy 21
C. Trisomy 12
D. Trisomy 13
D
95
Close set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed:
A) Cebocephaly
B) Cyclopia
C) Ethmocephaly
D) Epignathus
A
96
which of the following conditions does not affect the orbits?
A. Cebocephaly
B. Cyclopia
C. Ethmocephaly
D. Epignathus
D
97
An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as
A. micrognathia
B. cleft lip
C. anophtalmia
D. cebocephaly
B
98
At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained?
A. cavum septum pellucid
B. occipital horns of the lateral ventricle
C. brain stem
D. foramen magna
A
99
Fusion of the orbits is termed
A. microglossia
B. cebocephaly
C. cyclopia
D. ethomocephaly
C
100
WHat also referred to as trisomy 21
Down syndrome
101
the thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed
6mm
102
A small mandible is termed
Micrognathia
103
The condiiton in which where is no nose and a proboscis separating two close set orbits is
Ethmocephaly
104
all of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except:
A. Cystic hygroma
B. Proboscis with cyclopia
C. Fused thalassemia
D. Monoventricle
A
105
the nuclal fold measurement is typically obtained:
Between 15 weeks and 21 weeks
