Chapter 25/ The RNA Viruses that infect humans Flashcards by Logan Vince

What are complications of measles?
1. SSPE
2. Pneumonia
3. congenital defects
4. both 1 and 2

both 1 and 2

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The most virulent coronavirus is
1. HCoV-NL63
2. SARS- CoV
3. MERS-CoV
4. SARS-CoV-2

MERS-CoV

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What are the three Paramyxoviruses?

*Paramyxovirus
* Morbillivirus
* Pneumovirus

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What type of virus is closely associated with rodent host with transmission occurring through aerosols and contact

Arenaviruses

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is also called

Pneumovirus

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What Influenza strain only undergoes antigenic drift, not antigenic shift?

A)Influenza A
B)Influenza B
C)Influenza C
D) all the above

B) Influenza B

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What kind of virus is HIV?

Retrovirus

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Constant genetic change of the glycoproteins through mutation is called_____. The antigens gradually change their amino acid composition, resulting in decreased ability of host memory cells to recognize them.

A) Antigenic shift
B) Antigenic drift
C) All the above are correct

B) antigenic drift

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Creutzfeldt- jakob disease (CJD), Kuru, Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker disease, and fatal familial insomnia are all associated with….

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)

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What disease has Enveloped, bullet-shaped virions and is a
Slow, progressive zoonotic disease

Rabies

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For which disease is an exanthem (skin rash) not a symptom?
1. measles
2. rubella
3. coxsackievirus infection
4. parainfluenza

parainfluenza

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Most cases of COVID - 19
1. resolve without treatment
2. require hospitalization
3. require intensive care and respiratory support
4. end in the death of the patient

resolve without treatment

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The infection mumps is caused by ____

Paramyxovirus

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Which one of the arenaviruses can cross the placenta and infect the fetus?
A)Lassa fever
B)Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
C)Argentine hemorrhagic fever
D)Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

D)Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

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What are the two factors of Pathology regarding HIV?

The level of viruses
The level of T cell in the blood

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Infections with _______ virus cause the development of multinucleate giant cells
1. rabies
2. influenza
3. pneumo
4. corona

pneumo

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What acute disease has Less than 100 cases a year in U.S., but is also a frequent cause of death
worldwide

Measles

Caused by Morbillivirus
also known as red measles and rubeola

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Measles is also known as red measles and rubeola.
True or False

True

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What virus is sensitive to acidic environments and acquired from contaminated hands and fomites?

Many strains circulate the population at once

Human Rhinovirus

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Measles present with unusual oral lesions called____

Koplik’s spots

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which of the following is not a characteristic of the agents of spongiform encephalopathies?
1. highly resistant
2. associated with tangled proteins fibers in the brain
3. are naked fragments of RNA
4. cause chronic transmissible disease

are naked fragments of RNA

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Which receptors of the influenza virus are responsible for binding to the host cell?
A) hemagglutinin
B)Neuraminidase
C)Type A
D)Capsid proteins

A) hemagglutinin

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a progressive neurological
degeneration of the cerebral cortex, white matter, and brain
stem

subacute sclerosing
panencephalitis (SSPE)

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MERS- Cov stands for _________

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

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What disease (s) are caused by Bunyaviruses? A) California encephalitis B) Rift Valley fever C) Korean hemorrhagic fever D) All the above

D) All the above

What are the four major arenaviruses?

Lassa fever Bolivian hemorrhagic fever Argentine hemorrhagic fever Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

Measles virus has an incubation period of ____ A) 30 days B) 3 weeks C) 2 weeks D) 2 to 5 days

C) 2 weeks

A systemic inflammatory response by release of massive amounts of cytokines which can lead to acute organ failure is called_______ _______ syndrome

Cytokine release syndrome

Which type of influenza virus causes most infections? A) Type A and B B) Type C and B C) Only Type A D) Only Type C

C) Only type A

The primary site of attack in influenza is/are the _____ A) small intestine B)respiratory epithelium C)skin D)meninges

B)respiratory epithelium

What are the 7 parts of the mutliplication cycle in HIV?

Binding,Fusion, Reverse transcription, Integration, Replication, Assembly, and budding * BFRIRAB

acute enteroviral infection of the spinal cord that can cause neuromuscular paralysis

Poliomyelitis

Severe pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii * A rare vascular cancer called Kaposi sarcoma * Sudden weight loss, swollen lymph nodes * General loss of immune function These are all signs of what virus?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

What virus results in most of the illnesses causing mild fevers, but some illnesses causing severe encephalitis, and life-threatening hemorrhagic fever

Arboviruses

Lassa fever, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, and Lymphocytic choriomeningitis are associated with what virus?

Arenaviruses

What are the four phases of rabies?

Prodromal phase Furious phase Paralytic phase Progress to coma phase (PFPP)

Which of the following conditions is not associated with HIV infection? 1. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia 2. Kaposi's sarcoma 3. dementia 4. adult T-cell leukemia

4. adult T-cell leukemia

In 20% to 30% of young adult males, mumps infection localizes in the _____ and _____ A) Epididymis and penis B)Penis and anal glands C) Epididymis and testis D)Seminal vesicle and testis

C) Epididymis and testis

For which disease are active and passive immunization given simultaneously? 1. influenza 2. yellow fever 3. measles 4. rabies

4. rabies

RNA viruses can be single or double stranded. True or False

True

Polio and hepatitis A viruses are ______ viruses. 1. arbo 2. enteric 3. cold 4. syncytial

2. enteric

Which of these happen(s) in the case of antigenic shift is influenza A? A) single mutations in hemagglutinin B) recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains. C)change from influenza A to influenza B D)Both A and B

B) recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains.

Which of these happens in the case of antigenic shift in influenza A? 1. single mutations in hemagglutinin 2. recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains 3. change from influenza A to influenza B 4. both a and b

2. recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains

A common, highly diagnostic sign of measles is 1. viremia 2. red rash 3. sore throat 4. koplik's spots

4. koplik's spots

Which diagnostic test for the presence of SARS - CoV-2 is generally far more sensitive when used on symptomaic persons? 1. RT-PCR 2. loop-mediated isothermal amplification 3. antigen tests 4. serological testing

3. antigen tests

What property of the retroviruses enables them to integrate into the host genome? 1. the RNA they carry 2. presence of glycoprotein receptors 3. presence of reverse transciptase 4. a positive-sense genome

3. presence of reverse transciptase

Mumps presents with painful swelling at the angle of the jaw which is called_____

epidemic parotitis

The viral spikes for the flu are known as _____ and ______

Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin

German measles cause Kopliks spots and a skin rash True or False

False * absent kopliks spots but skin rash is present

What virus is treated with Palivizumad (Synagis), a monoclonal antibody that blocks attachment to cells and / or Ribavirin, inhaled antiviral drug

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Hepatitis C is caused by what virus?

Flavivirus

enzyme which makes a double stranded DNA from the single-stranded RNA genome is called

Reverse transcriptase(RT)

Responsible for respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, and hand-foot-mouth disease

Nonpolio Enteroviruses

What are the most common Nonpolio Enteroviruses?

* Coxsackieviruses A and B * Echoviruses

What are the 3 Enveloped Segmented ssRNA Viruses?

Orthomyxoviruses Bunyaviruses Arenaviruses

How are paramyxoviruses transmitted? A) Feces B) contaminated surfaces C) Blood and urine D) Respiratory droplets

D) Respiratory droplets

__________ is an emerging disease, with symptoms of high fever, lung, edema, and pulmonary failure, with a 33% mortality rate. A) Rhabdoviruses B) SARS C) Rubivirus (Rubella) D)hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

D)hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

Seen mostly in children and presents as Minor cold, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, croup

Parainfluenza

Human Rhinovirus is associate with the _____ ______

Common cold ## Footnote Over 160 serotypes associated with the common cold

____ manifests as labored and noisy breathing accompanied by a hoarse cough that is most common in infants and young children.

Croup

What pathagen is believed to cause 90% of all viral gastroenteritis cases

Norovirus aka Norwalk agent | Enteric virus -Caliciviruses

What is it called when, one of the genes or RNA strands is substituted with a gene or strand from another influenza virus from a different animal host?

Antigenic shift

What are the two patterns of yellow fever?

Urban cycle and Sylvan cycle

What virus has Relatively large RNA viruses with distinctively spaced spikes on their envelopes?

Coronaviruses

Aspirin is not indicated to control symptoms of influenza because it significantly increases ______ syndrome. A) hantavirus pulmonary B) Guillain - Barre' C) Reye's D) Mumps

C) Reyes

Viruses are assigned to families on the basis of their ______, their______, and their_____

-Envelope -capsid -RNA Genome

Deaths due to COVID - 19 are generally ascribed to (choose all that apply) 1. allergic reactions 2. acute respiratory distress syndrome 3. vaccine-associated myocarditis 4. multiorgan failure

4. multiorgan failure and2. acute respiratory distress syndrome

Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of 1. conjunctivitis 2. gastroenteritis 3. hand-foot-mouth disease 4. the common cold

4. the common cold

are named for their small (pico) size and their RNA core

Picornaviruses

naked capsid; resistant to acid, bile, and detergents; can survive stomach acids when ingested. What virus is this describing?

Poliovirus

Viruses that cause serious diseases in infants are _______ and ________ 1. mumps, calicivirus 2. respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus 3. coxsackievirus, HTLV-II 4. bunyavirus, cardiovirus

2. respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus

A SARS-CoV-2 variant that had mutated so that it was no longer detectable using common rapid - testing procedures would be considered a 1. variant of interest 2. variant of suspicion 3. variant of concern 4. variant under monitoring

3. variant of concern

brain, meninges, and spinal cord are involved; convulsions, tremor, paralysis, loss of coordination, memory deficits, changes in speech and personality, coma; survivors may experience permanent brain damage. What is the name of this description?

Viral encephalitits

Poliomyelitis is generally acquired via A. Sexual Contact B. Insect Vector C. Ingestion D. Inhalation

C. Ingestion

What syndrome is a serious complication of influenza vaccines and marked by varying degrees of demyelination of the peripheral nervous system, which leads to weakness and sensory loss?

Guillain - Barre' syndrome

Mumps is mostly followed by a uncomplicated recovery and permanent immunity there after. True or False

True

What two groups contain hundreds of viruses whose normal hosts are arthropods or rodents?

Bunyavirus and arenavirus

What virus causes symptoms very similar to infection with chikungunya or dengue viruses. Birth defects if mother infected during pregnancy

Zika virus

What is the name for the characteristic red maculopapula?

Exanthem

What is the most common tick-borne viral fever in U.S.; Rocky Mountain states

Colorado tick fever (CTF) * An arbovirus

This viruses life cycles are closely tied to the ecology of the vectors

Arboviruses

______ is a influenza glycoprotein with 18 subtypes and binds to host cells. A) Neuraminidase B) Hemagglutinin

B) Hemagglutinin

What is the least transmissable coronavirus?

SARS-CoV-2

German measles is caused by what virus

Rubivirus

Who should receive the influenza vaccination? A) Anyone over age 60 and newborns B) High risk groups and anyone over the age of 65 C) High risk groups and Everyone over 6 months of age

C) High risk groups and Everyone over 6 months of age

What are the two clinical forms of rubella?

Postnatal rubella and Congenital rubella

Chapter 25/ The RNA Viruses that infect humans Flashcards

(86 cards)