Chapter 6/ An introduction to viruses, viroids , and prions

Question 1

The microbiologist responsible for the identification of TB, cholera, and anthrax was ________

Answer 1

Robert Koch

Question 2

The collection of viruses in the human body is called the

Answer 2

virome

Question 3

______ ______ ______cannot multiply unless they invade a specific host cell and instruct its genetic and metabolic machinery to make and release new viruses

Answer 3

Obligate intracellular parasites

Question 4

Are the considered the smallest infectious agents, and can only be seen using an electron microscope.

Answer 4

virus

Question 5

Spectrum of cells a virus can infect is called

Answer 5

host range

Question 6

What are the general phases in animal virus multiplication cycle?
* there are 6 parts*

Answer 6

1)Absorption
2)Penetration
3)unceasing
4)synthesis
5)assembly
6)release

Question 7

What are the two different ways viruses can enter their host?

Answer 7

by fusion or endocytosis

Question 8

_____ viruses generally are replicated and assembled in the
nucleus

RNA or DNA

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

______ viruses generally are replicated and assembled in the
cytoplasm

RNA or DNA

Answer 9

RNA

Question 10

Viruses can leave the host cell in which two ways?

Answer 10

Budding or (exocytosis) and lysis

Question 11

cell damage altering microscopic
appearance are referred to as____ _____

Answer 11

Cytopathic effects

Question 12

what are the two structural capsid types?

Answer 12

Helical and Icosahedral

Question 12

A capsid type that is three-dimensional , symmetrical polygon,
with 20 sides and 12 evenly spaced corners

Answer 12

Icosahedral

Question 13

What atypical virus lacks a typical capsid and are covered by a
dense layer of lipoproteins and coarse fibrils

Answer 13

poxviruses

Question 13

Mammalian viruses capable of initiating tumors are called

Answer 13

oncoviruses

Question 13

capsid consisting of capsomers forming a
cylindrical nucleocapsid

Answer 13

Helical

Question 14

Characteristics (5) for placement in a virus family include:

Answer 14

-type of capsid
-nucleic acid strand number
-presence and type of envelope
-overall viral size
-area of the host cell in which the virus multiplies

Question 14

A pre-formed enzyme that synthesizes DNA or RNA

Answer 14

Polymerases

Question 14

per- formed enzyme that synthesizes DNA from RNA

Answer 14

Reverse transcriptase

Question 14

A pre-formed enzyme that copies RNA

Answer 14

Replicases

Question 15

Some ________ have a polyhedral nucleocapsid
along with a helical tail and attachment fibers

Answer 15

bacteriophages

Question 15

Release of bacteriophage is a result of cell lysis induced by viral enzymes
and accumulation of viruses. This is known as the ___ cycle

Answer 15

• lytic cycle

Question 16

either DNA or RNA but never both would be considered a

Answer 16

Viral genome

Question 17

What are the 6 stages of phage replication?

Answer 17

Absorption
Penetration
Replication
Assembly
Maturation
Lysis & release

Question 17

Some phages do not complete the lytic cycle . This is when the viral genome inserts into bacterial genome and becomes an inactive ___

Answer 17

prophage

Question 18

Prophage is retained and copied during normal cell division resulting in the transfer of temperate phage genome to all host cell progeny. This is known as

Answer 18

lysogeny

Question 18

____ Result in the spread of the virus without killing the host cell

Answer 18

lysogen

Question 19

Which of the following is a step found in animal virus multiplication but not in bacteriophage replication? A. Adsorption B. Penetration C. Uncoating D. Assembly E. Release

Answer 19

C. Uncoating

Question 20

Cell (tissue) cultures support viral replication and permit observation of cytopathic effects. This would be considered... In vitro OR In vivo

Answer 20

In vitro

Question 21

Bird embryos and live animal inoculation are considered In vitro OR in vivo

Answer 21

in vivo

Question 22

misfolded proteins that contain no nucleic acid

Answer 22

Prions

Question 23

Extremely resistant to usual sterilization techniques and Cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies – fatal neurodegenerative diseases

Answer 23

Prions

Question 24

Viruses that are dependent on other viruses for replication

Answer 24

Satellite viruses

Question 25

short pieces of RNA with no protein coat. -only been identified in plants

Answer 25

Viroids

Question 26

Exposure to Nucleases that degrade DNA and RNA would damage all of the following EXCEPT A. Animal Viruses B. Bacteriophage C. Prions D. Satellite Viruses E. Viroids

Answer 26

C. Prions