Chapter 25.3.4 (Ch 26 starts at streak)

Question 1

What is the boundary that marks density change between layers?

Answer 1

Discontinuity

Question 2

How are discontinuities identified?

Answer 2

By using seismic waves.

Question 3

What are shadow zones?

Answer 3

Areas in which seismic waves have not been recorded.

Question 4

What is another term/name for a shadow zone?

Answer 4

Dead Zone

Question 5

What degrees does the shadow zone fall between?

Answer 5

Between 105° & 140°

Question 6

Is the outer core a liquid or solid?

Answer 6

It is a liquid.

Question 7

Is the inner core a solid or liquid? Why?

Answer 7

A solid because of the effects of pressure.

Question 8

What makes up the lithosphere?

Answer 8

The crust and uppermost mantle.

Question 9

What is the asthenosphere?

Answer 9

A plastic like layer of which Earth’s plates move on.

Question 10

Which elements make up the mantle?

Answer 10

Calcium, Aluminum, Iron, & Magnesium.

Question 11

Which elements make up the core?

Answer 11

Iron & Nickel

Question 12

Viscosity

Answer 12

The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.

Question 13

Silica

Answer 13

The chemical compound of silicon dioxide. SiO2.

Question 14

Cinder Cone Volcanoes

Answer 14

Tend to be small (have heights in the meter range), and short eruption cycles.

Question 15

Shield Volcanoes

Answer 15

Broad/flat stuctures, composed of multiple layers of lava flow.

Question 16

Composite Volcanoes

Answer 16

Large, steep sided, and composed of both layers of lava and ash.

Question 17

What is molten or liquid rock stored inside earth called?

Answer 17

Magma

Question 18

Where is the Ring of Fire located?

Answer 18

The Pacific Ocean shore/coastline

Question 19

Which two specific locations have volcanic activity due to divergents?

Answer 19

Mid Atlantic Ridge and East African Rift Valley

Question 20

Are hotspots stationary?

Answer 20

Yes, they are stationary.

Question 21

What can hotspots create?

Answer 21

Islands

Ex: Hawaiian Islands

Question 22

If the viscosity is higher, will the fluid flow quickly or slowly?

Answer 22

More slowly.

Question 23

If magma has a high viscosity, will it contain more or less silica?

Answer 23

More. The higher the viscosity, the more silica.

Question 24

What is pyroclastic material?

Answer 24

Any solid material that erupts from a volcano.

Question 25

What is the smallest pyroclastic material?

Answer 25

Volcanic ash

Question 26

What is the largest pyroclastic material?

Answer 26

Volcanic blocks and bombs

Question 27

What types of gases erupt from a volcano?

Answer 27

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide

Question 28

What determines the eruptive style of a volcano?

Answer 28

Temperature, magma composition, and velocity.

Question 29

How are volcanoes classified?

Answer 29

Their size, shape, and eruptive materials.

Question 30

What type of lava do cinder Cone volcanoes erupt?

Answer 30

High-temp, gas rich, basaltic lava

Question 31

How long are the eruption cycles of cinder cone volcanoes?

Answer 31

Short eruption cycles.

Question 32

What type of lava do shield volcanoes have?

Answer 32

They have high-temp, low viscosity, basaltic lava.

Question 33

What are the three types of volcanoes?

Answer 33

Shield, Cinder Cone, and Composite.

Question 34

Mineral

Answer 34

A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence or naturally occurring element or compound that is inorganic solid and has a crystalline structure.

Question 35

Streak

Answer 35

The color of a mineral in powdered form

Question 36

Cleavage

Answer 36

The physical property of a mineral that allows it to break along flat planes

Question 37

Fracture

Answer 37

An uneven break in a mineral

Question 38

Hardness

Answer 38

The physical property that measures the resistance of a mineral to scratching

Question 39

Magma

Question 40

A mineral is ____ , ______, & _______?

Answer 40

Naturally occuring, inorganic solid, & with a crystalline?

Question 41

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earths crust?

Answer 41

Oxygen and Silicon.

Question 42

What does inorganic mean?

Answer 42

Non living material

Question 43

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

Answer 43

It will determine how it breaks, how hard it is, and the crystal shape it has.

Question 44

What are all the ways to identify minerals?

Answer 44

Hardness, Crystal shape, luster, streak, cleavage, fracture, and atomic arrangement.

Question 45

What are the two types of lusters?

Answer 45

Metallic and Non-metalllic.

Question 46

How does metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 46

Its reflects easily like a piece of metal (reflective chrome).

Question 47

How does non-metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 47

Appears earthy or waxy and shines like glass.

Question 48

How do you perform a streak test?

Answer 48

By rubbing a mineral on an unglazed white/black porcelain tile.

Question 49

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

Answer 49

Cleavage and fracture.

Question 50

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

Answer 50

Mohs Scale (Mohs Scale of Hardness)

Question 51

What is the number range on Mohs Scake of hardness?

Answer 51

1-10

Question 52

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

Answer 52

6 different crystal shape systems

Question 53

Minerals grow from the_____?

Answer 53

From the inside to the outside.

Question 54

What are the three ways minerals can form?

Answer 54

Molten rock, Hot water, & Evaporation

Question 55

What are the two mineral groups?

Answer 55

Silicates and Non-Silicates

Question 56

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth's crust?

Answer 56

Silicates

Question 57

Which elements are silicates made up of?

Answer 57

Silicon and Oxygen.

Question 58

Non-silicates do not contain which element?

Answer 58

Do not contain silicon.

Question 58

What mineral is used to make glass?

Answer 58

Quartz

Question 59

Define a Rock