Chapter 26 Exam

Question 1

COPD

Answer 1

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 2

hypoxia

Answer 2

insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues

Question 3

Oxygen Therapy is used….

Answer 3

therapeutically for hypoxia

Question 4

oxygen therapy decreases what?

Answer 4

Decreases the workload of the heart and respiratory system

Question 5

oxygen therapy treats what?

Answer 5

• Treats heart and lung diseases and some central nervous system (CNS) conditions with respiratory difficulty or failure

Question 6

how is oxygen therapy delivered?

Answer 6

•Delivered by endotracheal intubation, nasal cannula, masks, tents or hoods

Question 7

Bronchodilators act by…

Answer 7

relaxing smooth muscles of the bronchial tree, relieving bronchospasm and decreasing the work of breathing

Question 8

Bronchodilator Administration-

Answer 8

Can be given orally, parenterally, and by inhalation

Question 9

MDIs

Answer 9

Metered dose inhalers

Question 10

DPIs

Answer 10

dry-powder inhalers

Question 11

SVNs

Answer 11

small volume nebulizers

Question 12

Sympathomimetics is what type of drug?

Answer 12

adrenergics

Question 13

sympathomimetics definition…

Answer 13

Potent bronchodilators that increase vital capacity and decrease airway resistance

Question 14

how do sympathomimetics work?

Answer 14

• adrenergic drug that mimics the action of the SNS; works on the smooth muscle in the lungs to cause relaxation

Question 15

• (SABA) examples

Answer 15

albuterol (Proair, Proventil, Ventolin)

Question 16

LABA examples

Answer 16

salmeterol

Question 17

Anticholinergics are what type of drug?

Answer 17

parasympatholytics

Question 18

How do anticholinergics work?

Answer 18

• Decrease the chemical that promotes bronchospasm

* Anticholinergics block the PNS and can cause drying of pulmonary secretions

Question 19

examples of anticholinergics…

Answer 19

ipratropium (Atrovent), tiotropium (Spiriva)

Question 20

xanthine function…

Answer 20

•Relaxes the smooth muscle of the bronchial airways and pulmonary blood vessels

Question 21

example of xanthines and what is it used for

Answer 21

• theophylline

- is reserved for COPD patients who don’t respond to or can’t take inhaled long-acting bronchodilators

Question 22

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer 22

•Preferred drug therapy in long-term prophylactic management of persistent asthma of various severities

Question 23

examples of inhaled corticosteroids

Answer 23

(SVN aerosol, DPI, MDI) (Advair, Symbicort)

Question 24

Intranasal corticosteroids examples

Answer 24

Flonase, Nasacort

Question 25

Intranasal corticosteroids definition

Answer 25

• Increasingly considered first-line therapy for most noninfectious types of rhinitis

Question 26

what do Intranasal corticosteroids do?

Answer 26

• Reduce congestion, edema, and inflammation

Question 27

when should Intranasal corticosteroids be started?

Answer 27

• Should be started before symptoms occur

Question 28

Leukotriene Inhibitors examples

Answer 28

* zafirlukast (Accolate) | * montelukast (Singulair)

Question 29

Leukotriene Inhibitors function..

Answer 29

* Oral leukotriene receptor antagonists for asthma prophylaxis, prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and treatment of chronic asthma * Help control inflammatory process of asthma caused by leukotriene production, thus helping to prevent asthma symptoms and acute attacks

Question 30

Mast Cell Stabilizers examples

Answer 30

cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)

Question 31

Mucolytics def..

Answer 31

• Decrease hypersecretion and increase thinning of pulmonary secretions

Question 32

Mucolytics ex..

Answer 32

acetylcysteine

Question 33

expectorants def

Answer 33

• Increase secretions, reduce viscosity, and help to expel sputum

Question 34

expectorants ex

Answer 34

guaifenesin

Question 35

antitussives function

Answer 35

* Prevent coughing in patients not requiring a productive cough * Most produce cough suppression by acting centrally on the cough center located in the brainstem

Question 36

• Narcotic antitussive example

Answer 36

codeine, hydrocodone

Question 37

• Nonnarcotic antitussive example:

Answer 37

dextromethorphan

Question 38

how do antihistamines function?

Answer 38

* Competitively antagonize the histamine1 receptor sites * Combat the increased capillary permeability and edema, inflammation, and itch caused by sudden histamine release * To treat allergy symptoms

Question 39

First Generation ex of antihistamines...

Answer 39

• diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Question 40

2nd generation ex of antihistamines...

Answer 40

• fexofenadine (Allegra) and loratadine (Claritin) selective histamine1 receptor antagonists, less sedation

Question 41

decongestants def...

Answer 41

• Constrict blood vessels in the respiratory tract, results in shrinkage of swollen mucous membranes and helps to open nasal airway passages

Question 42

what are decongestants commonly combined with?

Answer 42

antihistamines, analgesics, caffeine, and/or antitussives

Question 43

ex of decongestants

Answer 43

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) or pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

Question 44

how long are decongestants used and why?

Answer 44

• Use short-term because of rebound congestion

Question 45

Nicotine replacement therapy does what?

Answer 45

• Help lessen withdrawal symptoms by slowly lowering the level of nicotine in the body

Question 46

examples of Nicotine replacement therapy...

Answer 46

Nicorette gum, Commit lozenges, Nicoderm CQ patch, and Nicotrol inhaler and nasal spray

Question 47

other names for bupropion

Answer 47

Wellbutrin and Zyban

Question 48

bupropion def...

Answer 48

• Oral antidepressant drug associated with decreases in cravings and lessening of nicotine withdrawal

Question 49

another name for varenicline

Answer 49

Chantix

Question 50

vernicline def...

Answer 50

•Oral partial nicotine receptor agonist-antagonist

Question 51

what is the function of vernicline?

Answer 51

• Alleviates symptoms of nicotine craving and withdrawal through agonist activity while inhibiting the effects of repeated nicotine exposure by its antagonist activity

Question 52

what does vernicline alleviate?

Answer 52

• Eliminates the pleasurable feelings associated with smoking